4种环境源性胁迫对异育银鲫血浆生化指标的影响

Effects of four environmental stresses on biochemical indexes in the plasma of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio

以异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)幼苗[(136.70±7.98)g]为实验对象,监测4种环境源性胁迫(高pH 9.2、低溶氧2 mg·L^(-1)、高亚氮2 mg·L^(-1)和高氨氮4 mg·L^(-1))下第3、7、10、15天血浆内皮质醇(COR)、葡萄糖(GLU)、I型干扰素(IFN)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、补体3(C3)以及丙二醛(MDA)的变化规律。结果显示:COR经高pH、高亚氮和高氨氮胁迫时显著升高,而SOD显著降低,Ig M经高亚氮和高氨氮胁迫时亦显著升高,表明COR、SOD和Ig M可能是广源性的胁迫状态指示指标,COR和Ig M的升高以及SOD活力的降低指示异育银鲫可能处于被胁迫状态。GLU、IFN和C3只经高氨氮胁迫时显著升高,且响应幅度剧烈,表明GLU、IFN和C3可能是灵敏且狭源性的应激指示指标,高水平指示机体可能处于氨氮应激状态。IFN和MDA经高亚氮和高氨氮胁迫时,表现出不同的响应趋势:氨氮胁迫时IFN和MDA显著升高,但亚氮胁迫时则显著降低,表明IFN和MDA响应模式可能具有特异性,不适合指示综合应激状态。

In recent years,the problems such as uneven quality of juveniles,unstable production and largescale disease occurence have been frequently emerged in the culture of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio in our country. Establishment of the techniques for fish health evaluation or screening out several immune-related indexes for indicating the fish healthy status is useful to relieve these problems. In the present study,the effects of four environmental stresses（ high pH of 9. 2,low dissolved oxygen of 2 mg · L（-1）,high nitrite nitrogen of 2 mg· L（-1）and high ammonia nitrogen of 4 mg · L（-1）） on immune indexes（ cortisol（ COR）,glucose（ GLU）,interferon（ IFN）,interleukin-2（ IL-2）,superoxide dismutase（ SOD）,immunoglobulin M（ Ig M）,complement 3（ C3） and malondialdehyde（ MDA）） in the plasma of the C. auratusgibelio juveniles[（ 136. 70 ± 7. 98） g]were carried out. Stressed carps were sampled at the 0 d,3 d,7 d,10 d and 15 d after stress. The results showed that COR significantly increased under pH,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen stresses,while SOD significantly reduced under pH,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen stresses,meanwhile,Ig M significantly increased under nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen stresses,indicating that these three immune indexes may be the broad-spectrum indicators for stressed status. High values of COR and Ig M,and low value of SOD may indicate fish under the stress condition. GLU,IFN and C3 strongly increased only under the ammonia nitrogen stress,indicating these three immune indexes may be the narrowspectrum indicators for stressed status. High values of GLU,IFN and C3 may indicate fish under the stressed condition. Additionally,IFN and MDA increased under ammonia nitrogen stress,but decreased under nitrite nitrogen stress,indicating these two immune indexes may be not suitable for indicating the carp stressed status.