两种不同饵料饲喂乌鳢最佳养殖容量研究

A Preliminary Study on Pond-Carrying Capability of Channa argus with Different Feeds

为进一步探索乌鳢池塘养殖最佳容量,设置3个养殖密度(15 000尾/hm^2、30 000尾/hm^2和45 000尾/hm^2),采用冰鲜鱼和配合饲料2种饵料饲喂乌鳢,通过比较分析56 d养殖后的生物学指标、生态学指标、品质指标、鱼类福利指标和经济效益的差异,提出池塘养殖乌鳢的最佳养殖容量。结果表明:随着养殖密度的增加,养殖水体中TN和TP显著增加(P<0.05),COD_(Mn)有所下降,且配合饲料投喂组水质状况要优于冰鲜鱼投喂组;不同放养密度乌鳢的增重率和特定生长率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),冰鲜鱼投喂组乌鳢的增重率和特定生长率显著高于饲料投喂组(P<0.05),各试验组乌鳢的肥满度无显著性差异(P>0.05);不同养殖密度和投喂不同饲料对乌鳢肌肉综合性营养无显著性作用(P>0.05);不同试验组乌鳢肝脏的3种免疫相关酶活性无显著性差异(P>0.05),但ACP和AKP呈现随着养殖密度的增加酶活下降的变化趋势;纯利润分析结果显示高密度冰鲜鱼组效益最高,且随着养殖密度增加利润出现显著性差异(P<0.05)。投入产出比分析结果显示低密度冰鲜鱼组显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。综合评价指标体系结果显示,乌鳢池塘最佳养殖容量为650 g/m^3(冰鲜鱼投喂)和545 g/m^3(饲料投喂)。

In order to assess the best carrying capability of Channa argus in pond,biological indicators,ecological indicators,nutritional quality indicators,fish welfare indicators and economic benefit of Channa argus with two feeds（ iced fish and formulated dietary） and three culturing densities（ 15 000 ind./hm^2、30 000 ind./hm^2 and 45 000 ind./hm^2） were analyzed.The results showed that： 1） the concentration of total nitrogen（ TN） and total phosphorus（ TP） in water increased significantly with the increase of culturing dense（ P〈0.05）,whereas the content of COD（Mn）decreased.The water quality of the pond of the groups fed with formulated dietary was better than that of the pond of the group fed with iced fish; 2） there was significant difference in weight gain rate and specific growth rate under different culturing densities（ P〈0.05）; however,there was no significant difference in condition factor,comprehensive nutrition assessment and three immune-related enzymes among different groups（ P〉0.05）; the activity of ACP and AKP decreased with the increase of culturing density; 3） it was indicated that the profit of the group fed with iced fish and 45 000 ind./hm^2 was best and there was significant difference between different culturing densities（ P〈0.05）. The result of input-output ratio showed that the group fed with iced fish and 15 000 ind./hm^2 was significantly better than other groups（ P〈0.05）.It was concluded that the pond-carrying capability of Channa argus was with 650g/m^3 fed with iced fish and 545g/m^3 fed with formulated dietary.