鄂尔泰“朋党”考辨

The Study and Comparison of E Er-tai's “Clique”

鄂尔泰是雍乾重臣,其"朋党"案是清代重要的政治事件。对这一历史问题的考察,事关对鄂尔泰的评价和对雍乾政局的认识。通过考察鄂尔泰的政治势力及其政治实践状况,剖析鄂尔泰是否存在主、客观上的结党史实。最终认为,鄂尔泰并无心结党,只是客观上形成了一定的政治势力。乾隆帝对鄂尔泰势力的压制与打击是巩固皇权的一种体现,反映了清朝皇帝高度集权的特点,鄂尔泰政治势力的覆灭具有历史的必然性。

E Er-tai is the important minister of the Yongzheng and Qianlong in the Qing dynasty,and his'Clique'case is an important political events.We can have a proper estimate for him and have a knowledge about the Yongzheng and Qianlong’s political situation through the study of this historical issue.This article analyzes whether E Er-tai cliqued subjectively or objectively through the study of E Er-tai’s political power and practice.The conclusion is that E Er-tai had no intention to clique,although a certain political power had been formed.The reason why Emperor Qianlong strikes the E Er-tai’s political power is to consolidate his power,which reflects the emperor of Qing dynasty has a high centralization of the power,and the complete collapse of E Er-tai’s political power is inevitable.