闽南语“罔-V”及“V-罔V”的构式语义

Expectation and Orientation:Semantics of Bong-V and V-Bong V in Southern Min

立足于取向和预期,分别从人称词、动词及复句形式的视角看,不同的人称词搭配闽南语"罔V"及"V罔V"构式所呈现的是截然不同的预期。关于动词的使用,"罔V"内使用动作动词,从取向和预期而论,闽南语"罔V"和第一人称搭配,表述了无法达到主语预期的容让和无奈;用于第二人称,则是说话者希望他人能达到预期的目标,进而行使命令或是劝告、祈使;和第三人称搭配,是为陈述一个事件。"V罔V"和第一人称"我"及第三人称"他"搭配,利用前后分句的反差关系,表述超出一般预期之外的语义;和第二人称搭配,并且以否定祈使构句,表达不期望事件的发生。"罔V"带有动作动词,"V罔V"则是状态及动作动词皆可。推测"罔V"是由"V罔V"删略了第一个动词而来。

From the perspectives of orientation and expectation,this article discusses the semantics of the constructions Bong( 罔)-V and V-Bong( 罔) V in Southern Min. The preliminary result shows that the expectations of the two constructions are determined by personal pronouns. Moreover, the construction of Bong-V takes dynamic verbs while V-Bong V allows dynamic verbs and stative verbs. It is also suggested that Bong-V is derived from V-Bong V since the loss of verbal information leads to the deletion of the former verb.