政治社会学视野下的人民公社与包产到户

People's Commune and Household Responsibility System from the Perspective of Political Sociology

新中国成立之初,在土地改革中获得土地并以其为主要生产资料的农民,经过社会主义改造,几年内便从初级社、高级社跑步进入人民公社,在较低的生产力水平上实现了农业集体化。农业集体化使广大农民彻底摆脱历史悠久的以土地私有为基础的小农经济的束缚,但小农经济生产模式仍然试图在人民公社里寻找生存空间。此类纷争最具代表性的,当属人民公社与包产到户的纠葛,这在国民经济遭遇困难时表现得更加尖锐。最终在国家干预下,人民公社继续了一个时期,而包产到户则暂时蛰伏下来。

Farms, who acquired land in the land reform and used it as the main means of production, after the socialist transformation, runs from elementary cooperative and advanced cooperative into people＇ s commune within a few years. The collectivization of agriculture has caused the farmers to get rid of the shackles of the small_scale peasant economy based on private land. However, the production mode of small- scale peasant economy is still trying to find the living space in people＇s commune. The most representative case is the dispute between household responsibility system and the collectivization of agriculture within the people commune, which is more sharp in the difficult economic period. Finally, with the intervention of the state, people＇s commune continued for a period of time, while the household responsibility system was temporarily dormant down.