多学科与多材料匹配的客车车身轻量化优化设计

Lightweight Design of Bus Body Based on Multidisciplinary Optimization and Materials Compatibility

提出基于多材料匹配与模块化设计的客车车身轻量化设计方法.基于车身轻量化设计的多学科特性,结合Kriging近似技术与协同优化设计方法,建立基于侧翻安全性、顶部抗压学科的客车车身多学科优化设计模型,并采用遗传算法进行多学科数值寻优.优化结果表明:基于灵敏度分析的模块化设计能较好地降低车身设计维度,并获得具有较好力学性能的多材料匹配客车车身;多材料车身不仅改善车身的安全特性,而且提高车身顶部的抗压强度,并较好地达到轻量化设计的要求.

A lightweight design method for bus body based on materials compatibility and modular design was proposed in this paper. Considering the multidisciplinary characteristics of bus body about lightweight design, multidisciplinary design optimization models of rollover safety and roof crush resistance were established based on the Kriging approximate technology and collaborative optimization method. Then, numerical optimal design was performed using the genetic algorithm. The results show that modular design method based on sensitive a-nalysis can reduce design dimension of bus body with excellent mechanical performanceand, and the materials compatibility of bus body can improve its safety by increasing the crush resistance strength of bus roof. As a result, the requirements of the lightweight design were well fulfilled.