移民搬迁前后生计资本变化的实证研究

Empirical research on change of immigrants' livelihood capitals before and after resettlement

使用英国国际发展署(DFID)提出的可持续生计分析框架,采用问卷调查法和半结构访谈相结合的方法对山西省忻州市宁武县集中安置的扶贫移民进行调查,对移民搬迁前后的生计资本进行对比分析。研究发现,搬迁后移民生计资本增加,其中物质资本大幅度增加,人力资本、自然资本、社会资本和金融资本均有不同程度的减少。因此,建议通过提高移民自身的综合素质、鼓励进行土地流转、完善移民社区的管理和服务功能并加大对移民社区的产业扶持力度来提高移民生计资本,并改变其不平衡的状态。

Based on the sustainable livelihood framework proposed by UK Department for International Development,the poor immigrants' livelihood capitals before and after resettlement centrally placed in Ningwu County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province investigated and compared by using the questionnaires and the semi-structured interview method. It is found after resettlement the immigrants' livelihood capitals increase. Among them,the physical capital significantly increases,however,the human capital, natural capital, social capital and financial capital decrease to some extent. Therefore,it is suggested to improve their livelihood capitals and to change the imbalance state by improving the immigrants ' comprehensive quality,encouraging land transfer, completing the management and service functions of immigrant communities and increasing the support for the industries of immigrant communities.