一种评价园林树种抗火性的综合方法

A Comprehensive Method for Evaluating Anti-fire of Garden Tree Species

通过综合生物生态学特征调查、理化指标测定和热辐射试验测定评价园林树种抗火性。选取长春市城市绿化、森林公园和吉林莫莫格湿地生态系统定位观测研究站的23个乔木树种进行野外调查和室内试验,应用专家打分、因子分析、曲线估计、聚类分析和判别分析的方法,综合评价生物生态学综合得分、树皮理化指标综合得分、树皮升温指数模型中K1值和a值、树皮质量损失模型中K2值这5个指标。将23个树种的抗火性分为3类,长白落叶松、火炬树、核桃楸、黄波罗抗火性最好,新疆杨、旱柳、稠李、银中杨、糖槭、梓树、京桃、小黑杨、白桦、翅卫矛、五角枫、垂榆、水曲柳抗火性次之,樟子松、红皮云杉、蒙古栎、黑皮油松、红松、山杏抗火性较差。这种新的综合方法可作为评价园林树种抗火性强弱的重要依据。

Combing with the results of comprehensive bio - ecological characteristics investigation, physical and chemical proper-ty determination and thermal radiation test, the anti - fire of garden tree species was evaluated. Based on the field investigations and laboratory tests, 23 species of garden tree collected from the Changchun City Greening, Forest Park and Jilin Momoge Wetland Eco-system Research Station were investigated 5 factors including bio - ecology comprehensive score, bark physical and chemical indicators comprehensive score, Kx and a v a l u e in bark t e m p e rature i ndex model, K2 v a l u e in b a r k quality loss m o d e l , w h i c h w e r e a n a l y z e d b y the method of expert scoring, factor analysis, curve estimation, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The anti - fire ability of 23 species was divided into three types. Results indicated that Larix olgensis, Rhus Typhina L. , Juglans mandshurica M a x i m , Phel- lodendron amurense Rupr. showed the strongest ability ; Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis, Salix matsudana,Prunus padusL. , Pop- ulus alba X P. berolinensis, AcernegundoL. , Catalpa ovate, Prunus persica f . rubroplena, Populus simonii X Populus nigra, Betula platyphylla, Euonymus phellomana Loes. , Acer mono Maxim. , Ulmus pumila var. pendula, Fraxinus mandshurica s h o w e d the s e c -ond strong ability; and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Picea korainesis, Quercus mongolica, Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis Uyeki, Pinus koraiensis, Prunus armeniaca ha d the weak anti - fire ability. T h i s new c o m p r e h e n s i v e me t h o d c o u l d b e u s e d as a n im-portant basis for evaluating the anti - fire of garden tree species.