上海高密度城区不同用地的鸟类群落结构研究

Bird Communities Structure in Different Land-use Types at High Density Urban Areas of Shanghai

城市野生鸟类及其物种多样性是现代城市生态系统健康的重要指标。上海有着丰富的鸟类资源,但是高密度城区各类用地的鸟类物种多样性的相关研究较少涉及。该研究于2014—2015年对上海浦东新区世纪大道沿线不同类型用地的鸟类群落进行了调查,共记录到8目25科47种鸟类。对居住用地、公共设施用地、道路广场用地、公园绿地、湿地等不同用地以及居住用地、商业服务业用地、商务办公用地中各类绿地-建筑空间格局的鸟类群落结构进行了比较研究。结果显示:公园绿地生境鸟种数最多;其次是由居住用地、公共设施用地、道路广场用地的附属绿地构成的休闲绿化生境;而湿地生境的鸟种数虽然最少,但稀有鸟种更多并且多样性指数和均匀度指数均大于公园绿地生境;中心式绿地布局模式对鸟类物种丰富度和物种多样性更有利。整个研究区域的鸟类群落结构呈现一定的季节变化,但严重单一化。

Urban wild birds and their species diversity is the important indicator of the heahhy ecosystem in contemporary cities. Shanghai has rich bird resources, but few researches have been conducted concerning avian species diversity in high density urban areas. From 2014 to 2015, this study conducted bird surveys in blocks along Century Avenue, Pudong New District, Shanghai. A total of 47 species of birds belonging to 25 families and 8 orders were recorded. Bird community structures were analyzed in relation to different land uses such as residential areas, public facilities, road and square, park and green space, wetland as well as to different types of green area-building morphology within residential areas, commercial areas and business areas. The results showed that the highest bird species richness was found in the park habitats, followed by the habitats composed of attached green spaces for recreation in residential areas, public facilities, road and square. The wetland habitats had the lowest species richness but rich in rare species number, and the diversity index and evenness index here were higher than the park habitats. Center-oriented green spaces were more favorable for bird diversity and richness. The bird community structures in the whole study area showed certain seasonal variations but revealed the severely simple structure.