在服从宣传需要与尊重新闻规律之间--中国当代记者心态史研究

"Obedience to Propaganda" and "Respect for the Law of Journalism":A Study on the History of Mentalities of Contemporary Chinese Journalists

新中国成立后,中国当代新闻工作者一直受"服从宣传工作需要"和"尊重新闻传播规律"的原则影响,如何在实践中协调两者立场,消弭两者之间的矛盾。本研究在深入访谈中国各媒体主流记者代表后,从心态史的层面,探索了中国当代记者在新闻实践中所关心和思考的重点,具有中国新闻实践特点和代表性新闻形式的生产过程等等。中国主流记者们在新闻实践中,继承中国文人家国情怀,站在社会责任的立场,尽量消弭"宣传"和"新闻"之间的鸿沟,通过新闻工作,寻找着职业价值和个人价值之间的统一。他们在工作中思考新闻独立的问题、探索舆论监督的尺度,坚持蹲点调查的深入采访、获得各种新鲜真实的素材,通过公开报道或者内参制度,进行信息发布;他们曾响应号召,做好典型报道,也在新时期对其进行反思和修正,走出了中国新闻人实践的特色。

After the foundation of new China, China contemporary joumalists have been affected by the principles of ＂obedience to propaganda＂ and ＂respect for the law of journalism＂, and it reflects the process of how Chinese journalists coordinate their positions in practice and eliminate the contradictions. From the angle of history of mentality, this study explores the focus of Chinese contemporary journalists, the pattem of news production with Chinese journalism characteristics and representative forms, and so on, after in-depth interviews with mainstream media reporters in China. Based on the standpoint of social responsibility, Chinese journalists tried to eliminate the gap between ＂propaganda＂ and ＂news＂, and they also searched for the union of professional value and personal value with the inheritance of native land emotion through journalism practice. They concerned about the independence of press, explored the criteria of public opinion, insisted on thorough interview, acquired various authentic materials and disseminated information through public reports or the reference system. Besides, bearing the characteristics of Chinese journalists, they once responded to the call for typical reports, which were reflected and revised in the new period.