中国农村居民乙肝疫苗知晓和信任情况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the Awareness Rate and Trust Rate of Hepatitis B Vaccine and Their Influencing Factors among Rural Residents in China

目的:分析中国农村居民乙肝疫苗知晓和信任状况及影响因素,为提高中国农村居民乙肝疫苗知晓率和信任度提供科学依据。方法:应用多阶段随机抽样、概率与规模成比例抽样方法和结构式访谈问卷调查方式进行入户调查收集数据,采用方差分析、二元logistic回归模型进行统计分析。结果:7847名农村居民中6444人听说过乙肝疫苗,1403人未听说过乙肝疫苗,知晓率为82.12%(6444/7847);听说过乙肝疫苗的人群中5678(88.11%)人相信乙肝疫苗能够有效预防乙肝,766(11.89%)人不相信或者不确定。多因素分析显示:男性较女性的乙肝疫苗知晓率低。随着年龄升高,知晓率逐渐降低。已婚人群较未婚人群知晓率高。随着受教育程度升高,知晓率逐渐升高。农民和打工者知晓率较固定工作者低。随着收入水平的升高,知晓率逐渐升高。接种过乙肝疫苗的人群较未接种过乙肝疫苗的人群知晓率高。社会支持越低人群乙肝疫苗知晓率越低。地区间人群乙肝疫苗知晓率存在差异。随着受教育程度水平升高,人群对乙肝疫苗的信任程度逐渐升高。中等收入组人群较低收入组人群对乙肝疫苗的信任程度高。接种过乙肝疫苗人群较未接种过乙肝疫苗人群信任程度高。社会支持越低的人群对乙肝疫苗信任程度越低。地区间人群对乙肝疫苗的信任度存在差异。结论:提高人群乙肝疫苗知晓率和信任度的健康教育和相关政策应该倾向于受教育水平较低、收入较低、未接种过乙肝疫苗、社会关系支持较差的人群。提高人群乙肝疫苗知晓率时还应该关注男性群体、高龄人群、未婚人群、农民和打工者。

Objective This article was aimed to analyze awareness rate and trust rate of hepatitis b vaccine （HBV） and their influencing factors among rural residents in China, to provide ~cientific basis for improving awareness rate and trust rate among Chinese people. Methods We interviewed 7847 adults over 18 years old by using a questionnaire which includes information of awareness and trust of hepatitis b vaccine and its influencing factors. ANOVA and binary logisticregression were used to analyze the data. Results The awareness rate was 82. 12% （6444/7847） and the trust rate wass 88.11% （5678/6444）. As we could see from the results of binary logisticregression, the HBV awareness rate of female was higher than that of male. The HBV awareness rate increased with age, education level, income and social support. The HBV awareness rateof married people was higher than that of others. The HBV awareness rateof peasant and migrant workers were lower than that of job holders. The HBV awareness ra- teof people who had received HBV was higher than that of people who had not. The HBV awareness rate was different in different provinces. The HBV trust rate increased with education level and social support. The HBV trust rateof middle income group was higher than that of low income group. The HBV trust rateof people who had received HBV was higher than that of people who had not. The HBV trust rate was different in different provinces. Conclusion The new health education and policy on improving awareness rate and trust rate of hepatitis b vaccine should focus on the people who have low education level, low income, not received hepatitis b vaccine and less social support. For improving the HBV awareness rate, we should make much efforts on people who are male, older, unmarried and peasant and migrant workers.