潍坊市老年人健康状况与护理需求分析

Analyzing the Health Status and Requirement of Nursing of the Elderly in Weifang

目的:调查潍坊市老年人健康状况和老年护理需求情况,为提高老年人健康水平提供科学依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法,在潍坊市随机抽取4个县区,每个县区随机抽取3个城市社区和3个农村行政村,每个社区/行政村全体60岁及以上老年人作为调查对象,共计1500人。采用欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)和护理需求调查问卷进行调查。运用x2检验、秩和检验等方法进行分析。结果:实际调查1371人,年龄(69.31±7.88)岁,健康自评得分VAS均值(63.35±12.48)分。年龄越大、经济收入越低、患慢性病、无配偶以及就医距离远等特征人群问题率越高(P<0.05)。老年人护理需求人均得分109.17,护理需求得分率从高到低依次为疾病控制(66.27%)、疾病预防(53.58%)、营养保健(51.38%)、健康促进(47.29%)。健康维度有问题人群较无问题人群护理需求得分偏高(P<0.05)。结论:老年人健康状况较差,应有针对性的从提高老年人疾病预防和营养保健护理方面着手,提高老年人健康水平。

Objective To survey the health status and requirement of nursing of the elderly in Weifang, and provide scientific basis for improving the health of the elderly. Methods 1500 cases of people aged over 60 years were chosen from Weifang with stratified cluster random sampling, and surveyed with European five-dimensional health scale （EQ -5D） and questionnaire of requirement of nursing. Results The mean of VAS score of health self-assessment was 63.35 ±12.48. The age, income, chronic diseases, without spouse and the distance from medical treatment were important factors to influence the health of the elderly. The average score of nursing requirement was 109.17, which ranked as disease control, disease prevention, nutrition and health promotion. Conclusion The health status of the elderly was poor, which should be improved by disease prevention and nutrition.