融水径流分割研究回顾及展望

Hydrograph separation of melt-water: review and expectation

全球气候变暖引起雪冰(积雪/冰川)消融、冻土退化,融水径流量显著增加。不同融水径流分割方法可以量化河流径流的融水比例,反映高寒区雪冰变化及其对气候变暖的响应。评述了不同径流分割方法的原理及其优缺点,并着重介绍了同位素/化学径流分割的计算方法及示踪剂选择。对比分析各研究流域融水径流分割结果,详细讨论影响融水径流变化的主要因素。针对同位素径流分割方法的理想化假设,提出了量化不确定性的的拓展研究。最后,阐述了随着高频采样技术的完善,同位素径流分割研究的发展前景。

The global climate continues to warm, resulting in the sustaining increase of the glacier-snow melt water and permafrost degradation in the alpine zone. The glacier-snow melt water increased significantly. Different hydrograph separation methods of melt-water can quantify the contribution of snow and ice melt water to the river and reflect the changes of snow and ice in the alpine area and their response to climate warming. In this paper, different hydrograph separation methods and their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed, with an emphasis on the calculation methods of isotopic/chemical hydrograph separation and the selection of tracers. The results of hydrograph separation of different watersheds are compared and analyzed, and the main factors influencing the change of melt-water runoff are discussed in detail. Aimed at the idealized hypothesis of the isotope hydrograph separation, an extended study of quantified uncertainty is proposed. Finally, the development of isotope hydrograph separation is prospected, with the improvement of high frequency sampling technique.