淮安市灌肠类熟肉制品生产环节致病菌检测及病原学分析

Detection of pathogen in the production of sausage and its pathogenic characteristics analysis in Huai'an

目的了解淮安市灌肠类肉制品各生产环节致病菌污染状况及病原学特征。方法根据国家食品安全微生物检测标准检测金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌,使用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对致病菌进行分子分型,同时对其进行药敏分析。结果 105份样品中,致病菌总体污染率为17.14%,主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌。原辅料、中间产品和环境污染率分别为31.82%、29.03%和4.76%。经PFGE分型,沙门菌菌株的基因型比较相近,同源性高,而金黄色葡萄球菌分离株型别分散。经药敏分析,沙门菌对氨苄西林和萘啶酸的耐药菌株最多,而对头孢他啶和头孢西丁不耐药;金黄色葡萄球菌对磺胺甲恶唑的耐药菌株最多,而对头孢噻圬和庆大霉素不耐药。结论金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌是灌肠类熟肉制品生产环节的主要污染菌群,原辅料是主要污染来源。分离出的致病菌大多具有多重耐药性。

Objective To understand the contamination of pathogenic bacteria in the production of sausage and its pathogenic characteristics. Methods Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were tested according to national food safety standards. Molecular typing of pathogenic bacteria was conducted by pulsed field gel electrophoresis （ PFGE ） , and the drug sensitivity was also performed. Results The overall positive rate of pathogenic bacteria in 105 samples was 17.14% , and the dominant pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, with the positive rate of environmental samples as 4.76% , raw material as 31.82% and semifinished products as 29.03%. The result of PFGE showed that the genotypes of the Salmonella was with high homology, but Staphylococcus aureus strains were distract. By the analysis of drug susceptibility, most Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, but with no resistance to ceftazidime and cefoxitin; most Salmonella strains were resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid, but with no resistance to cefotaxime and gentamicin. Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were the main pollution bacteria in the production of sausage, and raw material was the main microbial contamination source. The isolated pathogens were mostly multiple drug resistant.