国际航空犯罪法人刑事责任及其国内立法转化研究

Research on the Criminal Liability of Legal Entity of International Aviation Crime

2010年《北京公约》和《北京议定书》首次规定了国际航空犯罪法人责任,法人责任以法人的高级管理人员代表法人实施劫持航空器等国际航空犯罪为要件,法人为此承担刑事、民事或行政责任。公约对法人犯罪及其责任的立法需要转化为国内法才能适用。世界各国国内法对法人犯罪及其责任的态度差别较大,英国、加拿大、法国等国刑法规定有航空犯罪的法人刑事责任,德国国内法规定有航空犯罪的法人行政责任,意大利刑法规定有航空犯罪的法人民事责任,我国仅在个别航空犯罪中规定有法人犯罪及其刑事责任。我国法人犯罪及其刑事责任的立法和理论具有较强的包容性,可在我国刑法中取消法人犯罪法定化限制,全面规定包括航空犯罪在内的法人犯罪及其刑事责任。

The criminal liability of legal entity of international aviation crime was first stipulated in the 2010 Beijing Convention and Beijing Protocol, the legal elements include taking the senior management per- sonnel as the legal representative of the legal person to bear responsibility in case of hijacking of aircraft and other international aviation crimes, and legal person shall bear criminal, civil or administrative liability. Convention on the legislation of corporate crime and its responsibility needs to be transformed into domestic law to apply. There are big differences among domestic laws concerning corporate crime and its responsibili- ty in the world. The United Kingdom, Canada, France and other countries lay down the criminal responsi- bility of aviation crime; German domestic law stipulates its administrative liability, while Italy criminal law rules the civil liability. In China specify the corporate crime and criminal responsibility only in individual a- viation crimes. The legislation and theory of corporate crime and criminal liability in our country have strong inclusiveness, and people can eliminate the limitation of corporate crime in our criminal law, and make comprehensive provisions which includes aviation crimes of the corporate crime and its criminal liability.