陶瓷膜过滤技术在油田含油污水中的应用研究进展

Application and research progress of ceramic membrane filtration technology in the treatment of oily wastewater in oil field

油田含油污水的高效处理是油田可持续开发的关键,陶瓷膜过滤技术由于具有分离效果好、无二次污染等优点已成为目前的研究热点。本文分析了陶瓷膜的油水分离机理,调研了国内外陶瓷膜过滤技术处理油田含油污水的研究现状,同时介绍了陶瓷膜过滤技术在海上油田含油污水处理中的应用,重点分析了膜分离效果的影响因素,主要包括膜本身的性能、原料液的性质、过程的操作参数以及其他影响因素。其中膜本身的性能主要体现在膜孔径和膜材料上;原料液的性质主要取决于含油量、p H、浓度和温度;而过程的操作参数主要包括跨膜压差和膜面流速;其他因素主要有反冲洗、吸附剂和混凝剂。然后分析了膜污染的机理,介绍了目前膜清洗的方法。最后分析了膜技术应用中存在的问题,对未来研究的方向提出了几点建议。

The treatment of oilfield oily wastewater is the key to the sustainable development of oil field. Ceramic membrane filtration technology has become a hot research topic due to its good separation effect and without secondary pollution. In this paper,the oil-water separation mechanism of ceramic membrane was analyzed,The research status of domestic and foreign ceramic membrane filtration treatment of oilfield oily wastewater was investigated. At the same time,application of ceramic membrane filtration technology in the treatment of oily wastewater in offshore oilfield was introduced. The influence factors on the effect of membrane filtration were analyzed,which are consist of the performance of the membrane itself,the nature of the raw material,the operating parameters of the process and so on. The performance of the membrane itself is mainly reflected in membrane pore size and membrane material. The nature of the feed liquid mainly depends on the oil content,pH,feed concentration and temperature. The operating parameters of the process mainly include trans-membrane pressure and membrane surface flow rate. Other factors mainly have reverse washing,adsorbent and coagulant. The fouling mechanism of membrane was analyzed,and the current cleaning method for membrane was introduced.Finally,the problems existing in the application of membrane technology were analyzed,and some suggestions for the future research has been put forward.