2015年山东省农村土壤中蛔虫卵状况调查

Survey an the status of ascaris egg in rural soils,Shandong province,2015

目的了解山东省农村土壤中蛔虫卵的现状及相关因素、不同地域的特点,提出相应的干预和控制措施。方法根据课题设计的要求,2015年,结合山东省地理位置,按东部、中部、西南(北)部进行分层,共选取25个县(市),125个乡镇,采用随机方式抽样,500个村,2 500户;采用统一调查表,通过查阅资料、现场调查、访谈、土壤样品采集和实验室检测等收集相关资料。结果山东省农村土壤中蛔虫卵的检出率为17.20%,活蛔虫卵的检出率为5.20%,西南(北)部活蛔虫卵的检出率(8.33%)高于东部(4.38%)和中部(2.50%)(P<0.05);农村集中式供水人口覆盖率为89.46%;未经处理直接供水的占66.94%,西南(北)部未处理的集中式供水比例(71.32%)高于东部(62.15%)和中部(64.63%)(P<0.01)。东部地区的饮用桶装水家庭的比例(13.12%)高于中部(3.88%)、西南(北)地区(0.56%)(P<0.01)。卫生厕所普及率为53.34%,其中东部地区为68.69%,中部为49.94%,西南(北)地区的42.71%(P<0.01);污水处理厂的人口覆盖率为41.43%,其中东部为55.48%,中部为44.24%,西南(北)地区28.54%(P<0.01)。结论山东省农村仍存在引发蛔虫病的潜在风险,未处理的集中式供水比例、饮用桶装水家庭的比例、卫生厕所普及率以及污水处理厂的人口覆盖率可能与山东省农村土壤中蛔虫卵检出率有关。

Objective To understand the status of ascaris eggs in the rural soils of Shandong province,the influencing fac tors and the characteristics of different regions,so as to put forward the corresponding intervention and control measures. Methods In accordance with the geographical location of Shandong province, according to the eastern, central, south west （north） of stratification, a total of 25 counties （cities）, 125 townships, 500 villages, and 2 500 households were selected by stratified random sampling in 2015. A unified questionnaire was used through looking up files,field investigation,in terviews, soil sample collection and laboratory testing to collect relevant data. Results The detection rate of ascaris eggs in rural soils of Shandong province was 17.20% and live ascaris eggs was 5.20%. The detection rate of live asearis eggs （8.33%） in the southwest （north） was higher than that in the east （4.38%） and the middle （2.50%）（P〈0.05）. Rural centralized water supply population coverage rate was 89.46% and untreated centralized water supply accounted for 66.94%. The proportion of untreated centralized water supply （71.32%） in the southwest （north） was higher than that in the east（62.15%） and central （64.63%）（ P 〈0.01）. The proportion of drinking bottled water in the eastern region （13.12%） was higher than that in the middle （3.88%） and the southwest （north） region （0.56%）（ P〈0.01）.The prevalence rate of sanitary latrines was 53.34 % ,of which 68.69 % in the eastern region, 49.94 % in the central region and 42.71% in the southwest （north） region （ P〈0.01） ;the sewage treatment plant had a population coverage of 41.43%, of which 55.48% in the east,44.24% in the middle and 28.54% in the southwest （north） region（ P 〈0.01）. Conclusion There is still a potential risk of ascariasis in rural areas of Shandong province. The proportion of untreated centralized water supply,the proportion of drinking bottled water households,the availability of sanitary latrines and the popula tion coverage of sewage treatment plants may be related to the detection rate of ascaris eggs in rural soils of Shandong province.