2015年济南市城区农贸市场活禽交易场所卫生学调查

Hygienic investigation on live poultry trading places on farmer market in urban areas,Jinan city,2015

目的了解济南市城区农贸市场活禽交易场所在禽流感疫情中的传播风险及存在的主要问题。方法选择济南市5个城区作为调查现场,采用二阶段随机抽样法,用自行设计的调查表对农贸市场活禽摊位和活禽宰杀点进行卫生设施和环境卫生状况调查。2015年1~3月每月分别采集调查的农贸市场活禽摊位和活禽宰杀点禽类笼具涂抹物、污水和粪便标本,共计225份,进行Flu A,H5、H7、H9的核酸检测。结果调查34家农贸市场,48个活禽摊位及48个活禽宰杀点。有27.08%(13/48)的活禽摊位和20.83%(10/48)的活禽宰杀点"不在独立的场所内"作业。活禽摊位"三间式"设置中,仅有6.25%(3/48)的活禽摊位用塑钢玻璃将活禽与顾客隔离。85.42%(41/48)摊位和87.50%(42/48)宰杀点能够做到每日清洗;27.08%(13/48)活禽摊位和22.92%(11/48)宰杀点做到每日消毒。环境卫生状况比较"好"的活禽摊位比例为20.83%(10/48)、宰杀点为16.67%(8/48)。225份外环境实验室检测结果显示:H5核酸总体阳性率为13.33%(30/225),H7为0.89%(2/225),H9为8.00%(18/225)。结论济南市仍有部分的活禽售卖档口未独立设置,"三间式"作业执行不好,活禽售卖档口的清洗与消毒情况有待加强。2015年农贸市场活禽交易场所的外环境中禽流感H5、H7、H9亚型均有检出,并以H5检出为主。

Objective To understand the spread risk of avian influenza and the main problems of live poultry trading places on farmer market in urban areas,Jinan city. Methods Five areas in Jinan city were selected as the investigation field, the sanitation infrastructure and sanitation status of live poultry stalls and live poultry slaughter points were investigated with self-designed questionnaire with two stage random sampling method. A total of 225 specimens of poultry cage with smear, sewage and feces were monthly collected for nucleic acid detection of Flu A, H5, H7 and H9 during JanuaryMarch 2015. Results A total of 34 farmer markets,48 live poultry stalls and 48 live poultry slaughter points were investigated,there were 27.08% （13/48） live poultry stalls and 20.83% （10/48） live poultry slaughter points ＂not in the independent place of operation＂ ,Only 6.25% （3/48） of the live poultry stalls with steel glass in live poultry and customer isolation. 85.42% （41/48） stalls and 87.50% （42/48） slaughter points to be able to wash every day;27.08%//00 （13/48） live poultry stalls and 22.92M （11/48） slaughter points to be able to disinfect every day. Environmental health status as ＂ good＂ ratio,live poultry stalls was 20.83% （10/48） and slaughter point was 16.67% （8/48）. Laboratory test results showed that the positive rate of H5 nucleic acid was 13.33% （30/225）, H7 was 0.89% （2/225）,and H9 was 8.00% （18/225）. Conclusion There are still some of the live poultry stalls not set up independently in Jinan city, ＂three type＂ operation is not performed well,cleaning and disinfection of live poultry stalls should be strengthened. HS, H7 and H9 nucleic acids are detected in the environment of live poultry trading places on the famer market in 2015 ,mainly H5 is detected.