稻壳生物炭与肥料配施对稻田镉铅铬砷的钝化与肥效的影响

The Passivation of Pb,As,Cr,Cd and the Effects of Paddy after Applying Biochar Combined with Fertilizer

以稻壳生物炭为研究对象,在田间试验条件下,研究了生物炭与氮磷钾复合肥和微生物肥料配施对稻田镉(Cd),铅(Pb),铬(Cr)和砷(As)钝化与土壤肥效的影响.结果表明,稻壳生物炭与氮磷钾(NPK)复合肥配施,水稻籽粒中Cd,Pb,Cr和As的含量比对照分别降低77.3%,71.9%,14.7%和40.0%.与微生物肥料配施水稻籽粒Pb,As和Cd的吸收量分别比对照降低79.3%,75.6%和52.0%.生物炭与肥料配施对各元素的富集系数依次表现为根>茎>籽粒,相同处理对各元素的富集系数依次表现为As,Cd>Pb,Cr.生物炭与复合肥和微生物肥料配施均增加了水稻产量,与对照相比,生物炭与复合肥和微生物肥料配施田间产量分别增加了6%和5%.与生物炭和微生物肥配施相比,稻壳生物炭和NPK复合肥配施在降低水稻籽粒中Pb,As,Cr,Cd的含量及水稻各部位重金属富集系数方面,具有明显的优势,适宜在多重金属污染农田中施用.

The effect of rice husk biochar and NPK or microbial fertilizer on the passivation of Pb,As,Cr,and Cd and rice yield were investigated under field condition.The results showed that the concentration of Cd,Pb,Cr,and As in rice grain decreased by 77.3%,71.9%,14.7% and 40.0%,respectively,after applying rice husk biochar compound fertilizer NPK.The concentration of Pb,As,and Cd in rice grain decreased by 79.3%,75.6%,and 52.0%,respectively,after applying rice husk biochar and bio-fertilizer.After applying biochar and fertilizer,the BCF of each element in different parts of rice was in the following order：root〉stem 〉grain;the BCF of As and Cd was larger than Pb and Cr.The treatment of BRC and BRM increased the yield of rice by 6%and 5%,respectively,compared with CK.The treatment of BRC had significant influence in reducing the concentration and BCF of Pb,As,Cr and Cd in different parts of rice,compared with the treatment of BRM.It is suitable for remediation about combination contamination of heavy metal in farmland.