全尺寸高速列车头型气动噪声分析方法

Analysis Method of Aerodynamic Noise of Full Scale High Speed Train Head Shape

建立高速列车头型气动噪声分析方法有利于了解头型与空气相互作用产生的气动噪声特性及其对车内外的影响.为此,先后建立了两个头型的1∶8缩比三节编组气动噪声仿真模型,并开展气动噪声仿真计算,得到外场测点平均总声压级.通过与风洞试验结果相比较,两者量值相差小于3 d BA,且头型1均小于头型2,验证数值仿真结果.为了实现全尺寸高速列车头型气动噪声数值仿真,提出在三节编组的计算域中截取一部分—子域法.子域法和整车得到头型部位的气动特性一致性间接表明子域法的合理性.利用子域法开展了全尺寸头型1和头型2气动噪声仿真计算,得到头型表面声功率、表面和外场总声压级,可为头型选型和优化提供依据,从而建立了基于数值仿真的全尺寸高速列车头型气动噪声分析方法,解决了以往无法通过风洞试验和数值仿真进行全尺寸高速列车头型气动噪声分析.

The establishment of an aerodynamic noise analysis method of high-speed trains head type is conducted. Two head shapes with three marshalling 1 ∶ 8 scaled were modeled for aerodynamic noise simulation,and the average total sound pressure level of the far field measured points was calculated. By comparison with the results of wind tunnel tests,the two values differ by less than 3 d BA,and that of the head shape 1 is less.In order to achieve aerodynamic noise numerical simulation of a full-size high-speed train head,the subdomain method is proposed,and part of the computational domain of the three marshalling is intercepted. The aerodynamic characteristics obtained from the subdomain and the whole train are consistent,which shows the rationality of the subdomain method indirectly. The subdomain method is used on the full-size head shapes 1 and 2 to perform aerodynamic noise simulation,and surface acoustic power of the head,total sound pressure level of the surface and the field were obtained,which can provide the basis for selection and optimization of the head. An aerodynamic noise analysis method is established based on numerical simulation of the full size high-speed train and solved the problem that wind tunnel tests and numerical simulation analysis could not be carried out on full-size high-speed trains.