作业疗法对慢性精神分裂症患者康复效果的影响

Effects of occupational therapy on rehabilitation outcome of chronic schizophrenics

目的探讨作业疗法对慢性精神分裂症患者康复效果的影响。方法将120例慢性精神分裂症患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组，每组60例，两组均了以常规药物治疗技护理干预，观察组在此基础上联合作业疗法。治疗前后采用日常生活能力量表评定丁具性日常生活、躯体生活自理状况；采用护士用住院病人观察量表评定患者的病情变化及治疗效果。结果治疗前两组各量表评分比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；治疗后日常生活能力量表评分观察组工具性日常生活、躯体生活自理因子分显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），护士用住院病人观察量表评分观察组激惹、精神病表现、迟缓、抑郁、总消极因子维度分显著低于对照组，社会能力、社会性趣、个人整洁、总积极因子维度分及总分显著高于对照组，差异均有极显著性（P〈0．01）。结论作业疗法能显著提高慢性精神分裂症患者的社会交往能力及日常生活能力，对促进患者的精神康复具有积极作用。

Objective To explore the effects of occupational therapy （OT） on rehabilitation outcome of chronic schizophrenics. Methods A total of 120 chronic schizophrenics were assigned to observation and control group of 60 ones each according to random number table, both groups received routine medication and nursing, on this basis observation group was plus OT. Instrumental7 activity and self-care status of physical activity were assessed with the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale （IADI.）; changes of patient＇s condition and treatment effectiveness were assessed with the Nurses＇ Observation Scale for Inp~~ tient Evaluation （NOSIE）. Results Before treatment there were no significant group differences in each scale score （P〈0.05） ; after treatment instrumental activity and physical activity self-care score of IADI. were significantly lower （P〈0.01）, so were the irritation, psychotic manifestation, retardation, depression and total passiveness of the NOSIE（P〈0.01）, social performance, social interest, individual neat hess and total activeness higher in observation than in control group, and all differences were significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusion OT could notably improve the social communication ability and activity of daily living of chronic schizophrenics and plays an active role in promoting patients＇ mental rehabilitation.