六大红学家曹雪芹卒年研究述评

Research Summary of Six Major Redologists on the Death Year of Cao Xueqin

在曹雪芹卒年研究的问题上,几种重要的观点基本都由胡适提出,胡适奠定了该项研究的基础。周汝昌是癸未说的首倡者,且引发了一个不同派别之间激烈论争的时代。吴世昌主要从研究《挽曹雪芹》的角度出发,为巩固癸未说做出了贡献。梅节发扬光大了甲申说,其立论的基础是对脂批进行重新点读。冯其庸认同壬午说其实是认可曹雪芹墓石不伪。陈毓罴赞同壬午说,但研究重点则是《懋斋诗钞》的编年问题。曹雪芹卒年研究至今还没有形成定论,但通过反复而激烈的驳难,也放大了人们的科学精神与认真态度,深化了对问题的认识,清晰了各种观点之间的得与失。

Regarding the death year ofCao Xueqin, several important points were raised substantially by Hu Shi, thus Hu laid the foundation for the research. Zhou Ruchang took the lead to propose Cao was dead in 1764, and the view triggered a fierce controversy between various schools. Basing on studying ＂Condolence to Cao Xueqin＂, Wu Shichang contributed to the view ofZhou Ruchang. Mei Jie promoted the view that Can was dead in 1765, depending on re-analysis on the words of Zhi＇s Criticism. Feng Qiyong believes Cao Xueqin＇ s headstone was not false on basis of the view that Cao was dead in 1763. Chen Yupi also agrees Can was dead in 1763, but Chen focuses on chronological research of＂Man Zhai Poems＂. Therefore, in term of the death year ofCao Xueqin, scholars haven＇ t yet reached a common conclusion, but the repeated and intense discussions have evoked scholars＇ scientific spirit and serious attitude, deepened their understanding, and clarified the advantages and dis- advantages of various views.