墨子哲学思想的轴心突破

The Axial Breakthrough of Mo-tse's Philosophy

墨子哲学的轴心突破始于对传统礼乐的否定性回应,由于墨子的突破发生在儒家之后,在针对礼乐传统本身的同时也对儒家的重新阐释做出了批判性反应。墨子的轴心突破是在礼崩乐坏的历史背景下发生的,在对当时礼乐传统抨击的同时并未抽身离去,也未采取官方立场,墨子心目中的新宗教仍有很大程度上古代模式的继承,却消除了巫的成分,意图实现新背景之下的天人合一。墨子假借先王提出对礼乐简洁性与实用性的革新,本质上是个人精神的觉醒和解放,在先秦诸子背景下为中国思想的天人关系带来了新转向。

The axial breakthrough of Mo-tse＇s philosophy began in negative response to the traditional rites and music. Since the breakthrough of Mohism occurred after Confucianism, it also made a critical re- action to the reinterpretation of Confucianism in view of the ritual tradition itself. The breakthrough of Mo-tse＇s thought took place in the historical background of the ritual decay, at the same time he criticized but did not withdraw from the traditional rituals or take an official position. The new religions in the minds of Mo-tse still largely inherited the ancient patterns, but eliminated the elements of witchcraft and attempted to realize the unity of heaven and man under the new background. Under the guise of previous kings, Mo-tse＇s proposition of innovation of simplicity and practicability to the ritual music, which is es- sentially the personal spiritual awakening and liberation of nature, has brought a new direction for the rela- tionship between heaven and man in Chinese thought under the precondition of philosophers of the pre-Qin period.