金融外交与货币国际化:美元国际化的经验与启示

Financial Diplomacy and Currency Internationalization:Experiences of Dollar Internationalization

美元是当今国际经济体系的主导国际货币,其国际化的历史经验值得参考和借鉴。美国在美元国际化的进程中采取了什么策略,有什么样的经验教训与启示值得探讨。美国在20世纪前30年推行的金元外交是现代金融外交的开端。金元外交在推动美元国际化方面起到了重要作用。金元外交在拉美建立了美元主导的货币制度,通过海外投资和商业贷款推动了美元的交易规模,推动了纽约国际金融中心建设,相对"去政治化"的对外援助和相对"中立"金融专家的参与使美元更能为国际市场接受和认可。金融外交可以为货币国际化营造政策环境并通过实际推动在一定程度上满足货币国际化的政治经济条件。金融外交可以推动建设有利的货币制度、扩大本国货币在其他国家地区的使用规模、推动本国国际金融市场建设并提升本国货币在国际体系中的影响力和国际认同度。鉴于美国的经验,人民币国际化可以利用金融外交建立有利的货币制度、推动交易规模和加强国际金融中心建设,同时以平等互助的方式提升人民币的国际形象,争取他国的认可与支持。

Lots of discussions are made on the strategies of RMB internationalization.As the U.S.Dollar is the dominant international currency in today's world economic system,it is worthwile for us to look into its experiences of internationalization,to find out the strategies taken in that process and to draw on the experiences and lessons.Dollar diplomacy,which can be seen as the beginning of modern financial diplomacy,played an important role in dollar internationalization.It helped establish a conducive monetary system,further expanded the scope of the use of dollar in the international market and strengthened the position of New York as an international financial center.And dollar diplomacy also helped gain international recognition and support via depoliticized international lending conducted by professional advisers and banker diplomats.Financial diplomacy can help meet the required economic and political conditions for an international currency.Financial diplomacy can help build a monetary system conducive to its own currency,expand the use of the currency in other countries and areas,promote the construction of international financial market in its own country and enhance the influence and legitimacy of its own currency in the international system.Therefore,financial diplomacy should be able to help RMB internationalization in building a conducive monetary system,facilitating the use of RMB and strenghtening international financial center in China.And to gain acceptance and support from other countries,China should work to build a postive image of RMB on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.