《资本论》的基本方法与主题——关于“终篇”逻辑地位与陈俊明教授再商榷

The Basic Method and Theme of Das Kapital——Re-discussion with Professor Chen Junming on the Logical Status of the Last Part

从抽象上升到具体是《资本论》的基本方法,是辩证法思维原理的具体化和科学实证化,体现了马克思对辩证法的独特的把握方式。它把成熟的典型的具体对象,当作性质稳定的同一生长阶段的有机体,依照实验科学的方式设定科学认识活动的严密条件,通过剖析典型获得一般规定,因而一般与特殊、个别是直接统一的。《资本论》的首要主题是"政治经济学批判",是对以往政治经济学蕴涵的形而上学的思维方法的批判,也是对它们的价值立场的批判,归宿是资本主义意识形态批判或由此派生的空想社会主义批判,对资本主义生产的运动规律的揭示从属于理论批判的任务和要求。原理部分的终篇是在科学认识基础上对首要主题的集中阐发,它与直接的理论批判即理论史部分的结论完全一致,不能把它看成客观对象的客观逻辑的"完整性"反映。

It is a basic method of Das Kapital and the materialization and scientific demonstration of the general thinking principle of dialectics to rise from abstract to concrete,which reflects Marx' s unique way of grasping the dialectics.It treats the mature and typical concrete object as organisms in the same growth stage with stable nature and then adopts the experimental scientific way to set the strict conditions of scientifically understanding activities,It obtains general regulation through the analysis of the typical case,so general and specific and individual cases are directly unified.The primary theme of Das Kapital is the 'critique of political economics',which is the critique of the metaphysical thinking methods implied in the past political economics and the critique of their value standpoint with the end result of the critique of the capitalist ideology or derived Utopian socialism.The revelation of the law of movement of the capitalist production is the task and requirement subordinate to theoretical criticism.The last part in the principle part is the concentrated explication of the primary theme on the basis of scientific understanding and it is completely consistent with the conclusion of the theoretical criticism,i.e.,the part of the theoretical history.It cannot be seen as reflection of the 'integrity' of the objective logic of the objective object.