少数民族差别性权利的正当性:理论基础与范式

The Legitimacy of Distinctive Right of Ethnic Minorities:Theoretical Foundation and Paradigm

差别性少数民族权利的正当性问题一直是困扰各国理论工作者与实践者的重大议题。基于学界既有的理论探索和世界民族政治实践,本文概括出五种有关少数民族差别性权利正当性的理论基础与范式,即弱势地位理论范式、道德理论范式、公共性理论范式、历史性权利理论范式以及补偿-激励理论范式。其中前三个理论范式更为流行更为重要,后两个理论范式则是补充性的。这些权利来源理论范式各有其条件、解释强项与解释力不足之处,它们(特别是前三个理论范式)不是单一的自我证成的理论假定,而是嵌入到自由主义、社群主义、社会主义和民族主义等意识形态和理论主张之中,从而呈现出规范性论证与经验性论证相结合,以及意识形态的价值判断与现实主义的权力政治逻辑相结合的特质。

The legitimacy question of distinctive right of ethnic minorities has embarrassed theorists and practitioners in various countries for a long time.Based on theoretical exploration and ethnic political practice of the world,this paper generalizes five types of theoretical foundations and paradigms on the legitimacy of distinctive right of ethnic minorities:weak position theoretical paradigm,morality theoretical paradigm,commonality theoretical paradigm,historic right theoretical paradigm and compensation-incentive theoretical paradigm.The first three theoretical paradigms are more popular,and the last two are supplementary.These theoretical paradigms have their own conditions,explanatory strength and weakness.They(especially the first three)are not self-evident theoretical hypotheses,but embedded into some ideologies and theories such as liberalism,communalism,socialism and nationalism.As result,they reveal the character of the combination of normative and empirical argumentation and the combination of ideological value judgment and realistic power political logic.