共融与差异:云南德钦茨中村丧葬仪式的人类学考察

Communion and Difference:An Anthropological Study of Funeral Rites of Cizhong Village,Deqin,Yunan

云南省德钦县茨中村是一个多族群杂居、多宗教共生的村落。本文通过对村中一场普通的丧葬仪式进行人类学考察,揭示了丧葬仪式与多族群多宗教村落共同体建构之间的关联,对以往的人类学仪式研究而言,具有一定的深化意义。在这个多族群多宗教的村落共同体中,丧葬仪式空间展示出一种很强的自组织性,即通过自然分层、分割与合并,为葬礼中基于不同族群、不同宗教的差异化实践表达留出机动空间,将族群差异和宗教差异包容在基于村落共同体的一个完整丧葬仪式空间之内,由此又为进一步促进村落共同体之共融提供助推力。

Cizhong Village,Deqin,Yunnan is a village inhabited by multiple ethnic groups,with the co-existence of several religions.Through an anthropological study of a typical funeral rite of Cizhong,this article reveals the correlation between funeral rites and the construction of village community,and pushes the anthropological research of funeral rites toward a deeper level.In this village community with multiple ethnic groups and religions,the ritual space of funeral rites exhibits a strong inclination of self-organization.Through smooth layering,division and mergence,the rites on one hand leaves flexible space for the expression of different ethnic groups and religions,on the other hand integrates these differences into an identical funeral rite space based on village community.In this way,it provides further impetus for the construction of communion of village community.