新寨苗语单字调及双字调声学实验研究

Tones of Monosyllabic and Disyllabic Words in Xinzhai Miao:An Acoustic Experimental Study

本文基于田野实地录音语料,提取基频和时长两项声学参数,并以此分析了新寨苗语单字调及双字调的基频模式。结果表明,该方言有八个单字调:五个平调、两个升平调和一个高降调,五平调是新寨苗语的一大特点。另外,双字组合没有发生变调现象,即双字组连读共有64种组合形式。五平调在双字组合中没有发生变调亦是一个十分特别的现象。在此基础上,本文建立了一套用于描写新寨苗语单音节和双音节声调的区别特征系统。最后,文章结合苗语其它方言讨论了新寨苗语双字组连读不变调的现象。

Xinzhai Miao belongs to Qiandong dialect of the Miao language. Based on our fieldwork, this paper makes use of F0 and Duration to analyze the pitch patterns of tones in monosyllabic and disyllabic words. It turns out that Xinzhai Miao has eight tones for monosyllabic words： five level tones, two rising-level tones and one high-falling tone. The distinctive feature of this dialect is that it has five level tones. In spite of this, it is very interesting to note that there is no tone sandhi in disyllabic words, which is also peculiar for a language with five level tones. Building on the analysis, we establish a set of distinctive features in order to describe the pitch patterns of tones in monosyllabic and disyllabic words in Xinzhai Miao. Finally, in connection with other dialects of Miao, we attempt to interpret the lack of tone sandhi in this speech.