论递归性原则与维吾尔语的若干短语结构类型

The Recursive Rule and Patterns of Extended Phrase Structures in Uyghur

维吾尔语可用有限的词汇和语法成分生成无限的短语和句子,体现了乔姆斯基生成语法理论的基本假设:人类大脑中与生俱来的语言机制不但包含词库及合并、复制、移位、插入、删除等语法规则,而且也包含可以无限制地反复使用相同语法规则的递归性原则。维吾尔语里递归性原则在合并形成的两种最基本的结构类型,即并列结构和偏正结构基础上延伸出了重复式偏正结构、连锁式结构和洋葱式结构等较复杂的短语结构类型。

Uyghur is capable of generating endless phrases and sentences by using limited numbers of lexical and functional items. This demonstrates the basic Chomskyan hypothesis of the generative syntactic theory, that is, the innate language faculty in human brain not only contains the lexicon and certain numbers of grammatical rules such as Merge, Copy, Move, Insert and Delete, but also the Recursive Rule that enables speakers to reapply the same grammatical pattern to an infinite number of times. Thus, on the basis of the two basic patterns of coordinate and subordinate structures that both result from the operation of Merge, the Recursive Rule in Uyghur extends the phrase structures into more complicated patterns such as reduplicated subordinate structure, chain sentence structure and onion sentence structure. This paper intends to make a preliminary survey on the structural types and meanings of these extended structures.