高铬型钒钛磁铁矿综合利用现状及进展

Present situation and progress of comprehensive utilization for high-chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetie

高铬型钒钛磁铁矿是一种典型的多金属共伴生矿产资源,具有极高的综合利用价值。目前主要的冶炼流程为高炉—转炉。该工艺处理量大、生产规模大、技术成熟,但有价组元利用率低、资源浪费严重、环境负荷高。并且转底炉、回转窑等非高炉流程亦具有能耗高、钛渣品位低活性差等一系列缺点。基于气基竖炉直接还原的优越性,研发了高铬型钒钛矿氧化造块—气基竖炉直接还原—熔分新工艺。高铬型钒钛矿适宜氧化焙烧条件为1 300℃下焙烧20min;在1 100℃、V(H2)/V(CO)=5/2条件下还原35min,还原率达95%;最佳熔分条件为配碳比1.2,熔分温度1 650℃、熔分时间45min、CaF2配量2%(质量分数),碱度1.1。该种工艺下铁、钒、铬、钛收得率分别约为99%、98%、95%和95%,实现了有价组元的高效分离,是高铬型钒钛矿高效低碳综合利用的首选技术之一,为攀枝花钒钛矿的综合利用提供了参考。

High-chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite （HCVT） is a typical polymetallic iron ore with high compre- hensive utilization value. The main melting process for HCVT is blast furnace-converter method, with large disposing quantity, large production sale, and mature technology. But it brings about low utilization rate of valuable components, serious resource waste, and heavy environment load. As for the non-blast furnace technologies including rotary hearth furnace and rotary kiln, they also own lots of disadvantages. Based on the superiorities of gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction, the novel process of oxidation roasting-gas based shaft furnace direct reduction-melting separation for HCVT has been proposed and researched. The rational oxidation roasting parameters contain a roasting temperature of 1 300 ℃ and a roasting time of 20 rain. Under the reduction conditions of 1100 ℃, V（H2 ）/V（CO）= 5/2, and 35 min, the reduc- tion ratio can reach 95 %. The rational melting separation parameters are given as follows： carbon ratio of 1.2, melting temperature of 1 650 ℃, melting time of 45 min, CaF2additive of 2 mass%, and basicity of 1.1. And the final recovery rates of iron, vanadium, chromium, and titanium are 99 %, 98 %, 95 %, and 95%, respectively. The separation of valu- able components in HCVT has been achieved successfully, and this new process will be one of the preferred technologies for low-carbonly and efficiently utilize high-chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetie, and also providing reference for the comprehensive utilization of Panzhihua Hongge vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite.