俄罗斯野生蓝莓引种前后营养成分含量及抗氧化活性的比较分析

Comparative analysis of nutrient contents and antioxidant activities of Russia's wild blueberry before and after introduction

为了研究引种栽培对于野生蓝莓营养成分及抗氧化活性的影响,选取俄罗斯阿穆尔州腾达市的野生蓝莓(蓝莓RU)和将该种野生蓝莓经引种栽培让其自然生长于中国黑河市二站乡的野生蓝莓(蓝莓HH)为原料,采用福林酚法、pH示差法、亚硝酸钠-硝酸银比色法和电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)等方法分析比较了两种蓝莓的活性成分(多酚、花色苷、黄酮)、矿物质元素和糖酸含量,并对水提物和醇提物的抗氧化能力进行了比较。结果表明,蓝莓RU的可溶性固形物、还原糖、多酚含量高于蓝莓HH,但总酸、花色苷、黄酮含量低于蓝莓HH。二者的Ca、Mn、P、Zn、Cr元素含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),其他的矿物质元素差异不显著(P>0.05)。蓝莓RU水提物与醇提物的DPPH自由基清除率和Fe^(3+)还原力高于蓝莓HH,但蓝莓HH的羟基自由基的清除率高于蓝莓RU。

In order to analysis the effect of introduction cultivation on nutrient composition and antioxidant activities of wild blueberry, the blueberry from Tengda city of Armur state in Russia （blueberry RU） and the blueberry from Erzhan country of Heihe city in China （blueberry HH） which was from blueberry RU＇s introduction and cultivation, were selected as raw materials. The active components （polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids）, trace elements, sugar and acid in two kinds of blueberries were compared with Folin-Ciocalteu assay, pH difference method, sodium nitrite-silver nitrate colorimetric method and ICP-MS. The antioxidant activities of aqueous and alcohol extracts of two wild blueberries were compared. The results showed that the contents of soluble solid, reducing sugar and polyphenol in blueberry RU were higher than that in blueberry HH, but the contents of total acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids were lower than that in blueberry HH. As for trace elements, the contents of Ca, Mn, P, Zn and Cr were significantly different （P〈 0.05）, but the rest were not significant （P〉 0.05）. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate and Fe^3＋ reducing power of aqueous extract and alcohol extract of blueberry RU were higher than that in blueberry HH, but hydroxy free radical scavenging activity were lower than that in blueberry HH.