政治经济学批判与形而上学批判的统一——《哲学的贫困》对价值的二律背反的批判

The Unity of the Critique of Political Economy and Metaphysics——Based on the Critique of the Antionmy of Value in the Poverty of Philosophy

《哲学的贫困》中有关价值的二律背反的批判,最为突出并具体地呈现了历史唯物主义原则的应用。一方面历史唯物主义原则贯穿于二律背反的批判;另一方面也体现了马克思将政治经济学批判与形而上学批判相统一的立场。因此,理解马克思对蒲鲁东价值的二律背反的批判就具有了双重意义:一是理解马克思历史唯物主义原则之最初应用的钥匙;二是探究政治经济学批判与形而上学批判何以具有统一的基础。由此,理解马克思对价值的二律背反的批判就引出了三个对象:蒲鲁东的思想体系、国民经济学家的价值理论以及黑格尔的形而上学,前者是要试图达到后两者的合题,而后两者站在了相同的形而上学立场,马克思批判的任务是以历史唯物主义的基本原则为基础,实现对三者的彻底的批判。

In the Poverty of Philosophy, prominent, and presents the application of hand, the principle of historical materialism the criticism of the antinomy of value is the most the principle of historical materialism. On the one is carried out in the critique of the antinomy, on the other hand, it reflects the position of Marx＇s critique of political economy and metaphysics. We have three objects to understand Marx＇s criticism of the antinomy of value： Critique of Proudhon＇s ideology, the political economists＇ value theory and Hagel＇s metaphysics. The former is trying to achieve the integration of latter two while the latter two stand in the same position of metaphysics. Based on the basic principles of historical materialism, the task of Marx＇s criticism is to achieve a thorough criticism of the three.