中国共产党高层决策结构及其运行特点分析(1949—1956)

An Analysis of the Structure and Operation Characteristics of the Policy-making of Chinese Communist Party(1949—1956)

1949年10月新中国成立后,中国共产党担负起领导全国各族人民建设新生活的执政使命。政治角色的巨变势必要求中共及时调整革命年代形成的决策结构。1949年至1956年是中国的社会主义革命时期。这个时期,中共高层决策结构变化具有承前启后的过渡性,既有革命年代决策权高度集中于党委的特征,又体现出向和平时期过渡阶段决策权力合理配置的取向,运行时呈现出领袖团队"共识型"决策特点。该决策结构适应处理复杂党务政务的时代需要,既有突出优势亦存内在缺憾。

After the founding of new China in October 1949, the Communist Party of China took on the mission of leading the people of all ethnic groups to build a new life. The great change of political role requires the CPC to adjust the decision-making structure formed in the revolutionary era. The 1949 to 1956 was the period of socialist revolution in china. During this period, the CPC high-level decision-making was in an important transition from the past to the future. It has the characteristics of decision-making which is highly concentrated within the party committee during the revolutionary era, and it also reflects the transition to a peacetime decision-making orientated to the rational allocation of power. During the running, it shows the ＂consensus＂ decision-making characteristics of the leadership team. This decision structure is adapted to deal with the complex needs of the party and political affairs, which has both outstanding advantages and inside disadvantages.