政治学的学科传统之争与中国政治学的未来

The Competition between the Traditions of Political Science and the Future of the Discipline in China

现代政治学自诞生之初内部就存在不同学科传统之间的相互影响和竞争。从19世纪末到二战之前,政治学在美国产生和发展的过程中从欧洲传统中受益良多,并逐步发展出自身的研究传统;二战以后,以美国为代表的科学传统开始反过来影响欧洲,并引发了以欧洲各国为代表的人文研究传统的抵抗;进入21世纪,美国政治学界内部出现了欧洲传统的回归和两个传统走向平衡的诉求。欧洲传统和美国传统之间的分合与竞争对未来中国政治学的学科发展具有重要的启示:必须防止政治学学科的"美国化",保持学科内部不同分支学科、不同研究方法之间的平衡,促进学科的健康发展。

There are different traditions in modern political science which influence each other since the foundation of the discipline. The political science in America learned much from the European tradition in the course of its birth and development and formed it ~s own tradition which is characterized by scientific model of inquiry in the middle of 20th century. After World War II, American tradition reversed the direction of influence and thus encountered the resistance of European tradition which is characterized by humanism. There are some new trends in America in the 21^th century which can be described as a return of European tradition and the balance of different research methods. What we can learn from the track of competition between the two traditions in the discipline is that Chinese political science as a discipline must avoid Americanization and keep the balance of different subfields and different research methods in order to guarantee its vigor in the future.