中国2013年成年人二手烟暴露水平及相关危害认知情况调查

Survey of degree of passive smoking exposure and related risk awareness in adults in China, 2013

目的了解2013年我国成年人二手烟暴露水平及对二手烟暴露导致相关疾病的认知情况。方法利用中国2013年慢性病及其危险因素监测样本人群，在302个监测点采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，通过面对面询问的方式收集相关信息，共计调查179570人，其中纳入有效样本量为176179人。对样本进行复杂加权后，分析我国成年人二手烟暴露情况，以及对二手烟暴露导致相关疾病的知晓率。结果调查人群经过复杂加权计算后，18岁以上人群二手烟暴露率为52．8％（95％CI：51．2％-54．4％），且随年龄增大有下降趋势（χ2=515．8，P〈O．0001），以商业服务职业人群最高（61．6％，95％CI：58．6％～64．5％）。二手烟暴露导致疾病知晓率为67．9％（95％CI：65．8％～69．9％）。城镇（77．0％，95％CI：75．0％-79．1％）高于乡村（60．0％，95％CI：57．7％-62．4％），男性（69．8％，95％CI：67．8％，71．7％）高于女性（65．9％，95％CI：63．7％。68．1％）。对3种疾病的知晓率，城镇居民（49．8％，95％CI：47．3％～52．4％）高于乡村居民（37．9％，95％CI：35．4％～40．5％）；知晓二手烟暴露导致成年人肺部疾病的比率最高（88．5％，95％CI：87．5％～89．5％），其次为儿童肺部疾病（70．0％，95％CI：68．1％～71．9％），对二手烟暴露导致成年人心脏疾病的知晓率为最低（46．8％，95％CI：44．6％～49．1％）。结论中国18岁以上成年人二手烟暴露水平较高，对二手烟暴露导致疾病尤其是成年人心脏疾病的知晓率较低。

Objective To understand the passive smoking exposure level and related risk awareness in adults in China in 2013. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted in 179 570 adults selected through multistage cluster sampling from Chinese chronic disease and risk factors surveillance sample population （2013） in 302 surveillance sites. The effective sample size was 176 179 adults. After comprehensive weighting of the samples, the passive smoking exposure level and the awareness rate of related risks were analyzed. Results The passive smoking exposure rate was 52.8% （95%CI： 51.2%-54.4%） and the rate decreased with age （χ2=515.8, P〈0.000 1）. The exposure rate was highest in persons engaged in commercial services （61.6%, 95%CI： 58.6%-64.5%）. The awareness rate of related risks was 67.9% （95%CI： 65.8%-69.9%）. The awareness rate was higher in urban area （77.0%, 95%CI： 75.0%-79.1%） than in rural area （60.0%, 95%CI： 57.7%-62.4%）, in males （69.8%, 95%CI： 67.8%-71.7%） than in females （65.9%, 95%CI： 63.7%-68.1%）. The awareness rate of three related diseases in urban residents （49.8%, 95%CI： 47.3%-52.4%） were higher than that in rural residents （37.9%, 95%CI： 35.4%-40.5%）; the awareness rate of passive smoking related lung cancer was highest （88.5%, 95%CI： 87.5%-89.5%）, followed by lung disease in children （70.0%, 95% CI： 68.1%-71.9% ）, the awareness rate of passive smoking related heart disease was lowest （46.8%, 95%CI： 44.6%-49.1%）. Conclusion The passive smoking exposure level is relatively high in adults in China, and the awareness rate of passive smoking exposure risks, especially heart disease, is low.