江西省2013年成年人吸烟与戒烟行为现状调查

Cross-sectional survey of smoking and smoking cessation behaviors in adults in Jiangxi province, 2013

目的调查2013年江西省≥18岁常住居民吸烟与戒烟行为的流行状况。方法2013年7—10月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在江西省10个全国慢性病及其危险因素监测点抽取≥18岁常住居民6000人，通过面对面问卷调查收集慢性病相关危险因素信息，用于吸烟与戒烟行为分析的有效样本量为5997人。对样本进行复杂加权后，分析江西省不同人群特征成年居民吸烟和戒烟流行现状。结果2013年江西省≥18岁常住居民现在吸烟率为21．53％（1291／5997，标化率为20．60％），复杂加权计算后，现在吸烟率为26．07％（95％CI：23．48％～28．66％），男性现在吸烟率（50．62％，95％CI：46-31％～54．94％）高于女性（1．46％，95％CI：0．57％～2．35％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），各年龄组人群现在吸烟率差异有统计学意义（P=0．029），并随文化程度提高而上升（P〈0．05）、随自报健康状况下降而下降（P〈0．05）。87．16％（95％CI：83．29％-91．03％）的现在吸烟者每日吸烟；日均吸烟量（机制卷烟）为19．27（95％CI：17．69～20．85）支；平均每天吸烟量≥20支的吸烟者比例为64．74％（95％CI：55．79％。73．70％）；每日吸烟者开始吸烟平均年龄为20．28（95％CI：19．74～20．82）岁，男性开始每日吸烟年龄[20．11（95％CI：19．61—20．61）岁]小于女性[26．88（95％CI：24．73～29．03）岁]，差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05），27．04％（95％C!：18．91％～35．16％）的成年男性开始每日吸烟年龄不足18岁。吸烟者戒烟率为14．80％（95％CI：10．88％-18．72％），随年龄增大而上升（P〈O．05）、随收入水平增加而上升（P=0．04），随自报健康状况下降而上升（P〈O．05）；吸烟者成功戒烟率为10．89％（95％CI：8．36％～13．42％）；32．10％（95％CI：21．95％～42．25％）的现在吸烟者有戒烟打算。被动吸烟率为54．71％（95％CI：44．20％～65．21％）。结论江西省≥18岁常住居民吸烟率处于较高水平，重度吸烟者比例大，戒烟者比例低，戒烟意识不强，男性和青少年为控烟工作主要目标人群，应根据江西省流行特点采取针对性的控烟措施。

Objective To describe the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation in adults of Jiangxi province in 2013. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 6 000 individuals aged ≥18 years from 10 chronic and non-communicable disease and risk factor surveillance points of Jiangxi province in 2013. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information about the risk factors for chronic and non-communicable diseases and 5 997 records were used in final analysis of smoking and smoking cessation. Sample was weighted to represent the adult population of Jiangxi province. The prevalence of different groups were analyzed. Results The prevalence of current smoking of the sample was 21.53% （1 291/5 997）. After complex weighting, the prevalence of smoking was 26.07% in adults in Jiangxi （95% CI： 23.48%-28.66%）, and it was much higher in men （50.62%, 95%CI： 46.31%-54.94%） than in women （1.46%, 95%CI： 0.57%-2.35%）, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The differences in smoking prevalence were significant among different age groups （P=0.029）, and the smoking prevalence increased with educational level, but decreased with the worse of self-reported health condition. Most current smokers smoked every day （87.16%, 95%CI： 83.29%-91.03%） and averagely 19.27 （95% CI： 17.69-20.85） cigarettes were smoked daily. The proportion of smokers with average daily consumption 〉~20 cigarettes was 64.74% （95%CI： 55.79%-73.70%）. The smokers＇ average age of starting daily smoking was 20.28 （95%CI： 19.74-20.82） years old, which was lower in men [20.11 （95% CI： 19.61-20.61） years old] than in women [26.88（95% CI： 24.73-29.03） years old], the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Among the male smokers, 27.04% （95% CI- 18.91%-35.16%） of male smokers was less than 18 years old when they started daily smoking, and the proportion was 17.46%（95%CI： 0%-37.71%） in female smokers. The smoking cessation rate was 14.80% （95%CI： 10.88%-18.72%） and increased with age, the increase of income level and the worse of self-reported health condition. The successful smoking cessation rate was 10.89% （95% CI： 8.36%- 13.42%）. Only 32.10% （95% CI： 21.95%-42.25%） of current smokers attempted to quit smoking. The prevalence of passive smoking was 54.71% （95% CI： 44.20%-65.21%）. Conclusion The prevalence of smoking was high in adults in Jiangxi and the proportion of heavy smokers was large. Less smokers quitted smoking and the proportion of current smokers attempting to quit smoking was small. Males and adolescent smokers are targeted populations for tobacco control and special strategy should be taken according to the characteristics of smoking population in Jiangxi.