中国2014年7～14岁学生血红蛋白水平及贫血状况分析

Analysis of hemoglobin level and anemia prevalence in students aged 7-14 years in China, 2014

目的了解我国7～14岁学生血红蛋白水平及贫血流行状况。方法基于2014年全国学生体质与健康调研数据库，抽取检测了血红蛋白的7、9、12和14岁共71130名学生作为研究对象，采用2011年WHO贫血诊断标准，了解研究对象血红蛋白水平和贫血患病率，分析我国7—14岁学生贫血流行现状。结果2014年我国7、9、12和14岁学生血红蛋白水平分别为（129．25±11．37）g／L、（131．04±11．08）g／L、（135．02±12．12）g／L和（138．47±13．97）g／L，贫血检出率分别为9．0％、6．5％、8．6％和7．7％，其中男生为（135．49±13．33）g／L，女生为（131．38±11．67）g／L。总体贫血患病率为7．9％，其中女生（9．7％）显著高于男生（6．2％）（P〈0．01）；乡村学生（8．8％）显著高于城市（7．1％）（P〈0．001）。消瘦、正常、超重和肥胖学生的血红蛋白水平分别为（133．19±12．56）g／L、（133．28±12．76）g／L、（134．24±12．73）g／L和（133．79±12．16）g／L；贫血率分别为8．8％、8．3％、6．7％和5．9％，四组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论我国7—14岁学生贫血检出率仍较高，且在不同性别、城乡、年龄以及营养状况人群中存在差异。

Objective To analyze the ievel of hemoglobin level and the prevalence of anemia in students aged 7-14 years in China. Methods According to the 2010 Chinese National Surveys on Students＇ Constitution and Health, 71 130 students who were aged 7, 9, 12 and 14 years and had received hemoglobin test were sampled as the subjects, WHO anemia diagnostic criteria was used to explore the hemoglobin level and the prevalence of anemia. Results The mean concentrations of hemoglobin were （129.25 ＋ 11.37） g/L, （131.04 ＋ 11.08） g/L, （135.02 ＋ 12.12） g/L and （138.47 ＋ 13.97） g/L and the prevalence of anemia was 9.0%, 6.5%, 8.6% and 7.7% respectively in 7, 9, 12 and 14 years old students. The prevalence of anemia was 9.7% in girls, significant higher than that in boys （6.2%）, and 8.8% in rural students, significantly higher than that in urban students （7.1%）. The hemoglobin levels were （133.19 _＋ 12.56） g/L, （133.28 ＋ 12.76） g/L, （134.24 ＋ 12.73） g/L and （133.79 ＋ 12.16） g/L and the prevalence of anemia were 8.8%, 8.3%, 6.7% and 5.9% respectively in thin, normal, overweight and fat students, there were significant differences among four groups. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in students aged 7-14 years in China was still high, and there was significant differences among different gender, area, age and nutritional status groups.