论通用技术发展路径选择及其反垄断的外部效应——以美国电话电报公司为例

On General-Purpose Technology Roadmap Selection and Antitrust Externality:An Example of AT&T Corp.

电话作为改变20世纪人类通讯方式的通用技术,对社会经济的各个领域都产生了深刻的影响。美国电话技术发展史也是一部反垄断史。通过分析美国电话电报公司远程通信技术体系,探讨自然垄断状态下通用技术发展过程中技术路径选择。并通过美国电话电报公司在1984年拆分之后,不同阶段与目前美国其他三大电信运营商公司股市成交量的比较研究,分析远程通信技术的技术路径选择原因及其在失去自然垄断地位之后产生的外部效应,对中国的信息通信技术产业路径选择具有一定的借鉴意义。

During the entire 20th century, the communication method of human society has been changed by telephone technology, which was considered as a general-purpose technology. Furthermore, almost every realm of human society was under the extended period effect of telephone technology. The construction of American network society was built up by the rapid development of telephone technology. And the process of globalization of information and capital were pushed forward to a new level over the telecommunication technology. In terms of the analysis of the road selection of the long-distance transmission technology development of American Telephone and Telegraph Company （AT＆T Corp）, this paper try to explain the development externality of a particular general-purpose technology. Meanwhile, the positive externality phenomena of long-distance transmission technology without the effect of natural monopoly will be discussed by the compare analysis of the volume of biggest four telecommunications operating enterprise in the stock market. The development strategy of telecommunication and information technology industry would be benefited by the discussion of the paper.