南京城市居民活动多样性特征及其影响因素

Urban Residents' Activity Diversity and Its Influential Factors in Nanjing City

以居民活动日志为对象,针对居民活动体系提出了居民活动多样性的概念,以2012年12月南京城市居民行为问卷调查为基础,借助ArcGIS10.0分析南京市居民活动的时空特征;并通过多元线性回归,对居民活动多样性与居民社会经济属性、城市交通、信息技术的相互关系进行分析。研究发现:1)居民的社会经济属性、城市交通对居民活动多样性起关键作用,而信息技术的影响并不确定,其直观表现为兼具"替代"与"产生"效应;2)居民活动总体在空间上呈现"单中心多节点"的层次结构,居民活动主要集中在城市中心,城市外围小尺度活动中心也已形成。3)居民活动的多样性在空间上呈现较强的分异性,城区居民活动更为多样而郊区居民活动相对单一。

Urban residents’ activity is an important perspective to understand the urban spatial structure. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China’s social space structure organization has a trend towards Humanism. Meanwhile, the development of ICT has a strong impact on residents＇ behavior and urban space. It is a great significance to study the characteristics and influencing factors of the residents’ activity system in the information age. The raw data of the paper was collected in Nanjing from the 2012 survey for residents’ activities in network information era, including 885 valid samples. It contained individual attributes, living and employment options, influences of information technology on residents’ daily activities, and activity records of the latest 24-hour workday and weekend. This paper uses the residents’ activity log data of the survey as the basis of analysis. Drawing on the concept of “urban diversity”, the concept of “diversity of activities” which can reflect the diversification and heterogeneity of residents＇ activities is put forward to evaluate residents’ activities system. The proportion of non-surviving activities in the total activity time （24h） was used to quantify the “diversity of activities”. With the help of ArcGIS10.0, the characteristics of the time and space of the residents＇ activities in Nanjing are analyzed, and through the multiple linear regression, we figure out the relationship between the residents’ activity diversity and the residents’ social-economic attributes, urban transportation, and informational technology. The research show that, firstly, Residents’ socio-economic conditions such as gender, age, income and urban transportation play a key role in influencing residents’ activity diversity, but the impact of ICT is not direct. Women, who were subjected to constraints of both work and life, have lower activity diversity than man. Young people, higher income groups have a wider range of activities and more diversified activities. Convenient urban traffic can increase the diversity of resident activities. The impact of information technology on resident activities is constantly infiltrating, but the intensity of its impact is gradually becoming smaller between different people. Online shopping as a new shopping channel replaces part of offline shopping. Meanwhile, the interaction of online shopping and offline experience will “promote” the occurrence of shopping trips. The increase in Internet entertainment has, to a certain extent, reduced the diversity of resident activities in weekday, but the same case hasn’t investigated in weekend. Secondly, residents’ activity in the spatial distribution show the characteristic of “Single Center and multi-node”, but the variety and strength of residents’ activity are different according to regions, activity in city center and urban areas is more abundant and intense, and vice versa. The structure of residents’ activities is consistent with the status of land use within the unit area. The spatial distribution of resident activities shows that, urban residents are increasingly dependent on the city center and the attractiveness of the newly built business center still needs to be further improved. Improving the function of regional deputy center, building a “functional compound” to meet the needs of residents is import to improve the quality and vitality of the city.