钙黏蛋白23基因多态性与飞行学员噪声性听力损失的关系

Relationship between cadherin 23 gene polymorphism and noise induced hearing loss in flying cadets

目的探讨钙黏蛋白23(CDH 23)基因单核苷酸多态性与飞行学员长期接触噪声导致听力下降的关系。方法抽取某航校2012级1 000例飞行学员进行听力学检测。经过2年的飞行训练,有47例学员发生听力损失,且听力损失频段均位于高频频段。选取同样训练环境听力无下降的47例为对照组。抽取外周血,进行CDH 23基因部分外显子序列测定。应用SPSS19.0统计软件χ2检验进行组间基因缺失率的比较。结果在对照组与实验组之间,CDH 23基因rs1227049、rs1227051基因位点的GG、AG和AA基因型分布,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);rs3752752基因位点的GG、AG和AA基因型分布,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且AG型基因频繁出现在实验组中,GG型基因频繁出现在对照组中。结论飞行学员听力损失以高频听力损失为主,CDH 23基因多态性可能与噪声性听力损失具有相关性。飞行学员携带CDH 23基因AG型可能增加高频听力损失的发生率。

Objective To investigate the relationship between cadherin 23 （CDH 23） gene single-nucleotide polymorphism and noise induced hearing loss in flying cadets. Methods One thousand flying cadets of a flying school （2012） are organized for the audiometry detection. As a result, 47 flying cadets suffered from hearing loss after a 2-year flying training and the frequency of hearing loss all took place at high frequency band. Meanwhile, another 47 flying cadets without hearing loss in the same training environment were selected as the control group. The peripheral blood was drawn for the determination of exon sequence of CDH 23 gene. The statistical software SPSS 19.0 X^2 test was used to compare the gene deletion frequency between the two groups. Results Between the normal hearing group and the hearing loss group, genetic loca GG, AG and AA of rs1227049 and rs1227051 of CDH 23 gene took on genotype distribution, and the differences were not statistically significant （P 〉 0. 05 ）. And genetic loca GG, AG and AA of rs3752752 took on genotype distribution, and the differences were statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. AG gene in rs3752752 appeared frequently in the group with hearing loss and GG gene appeared frequently in the group with normal hearing. Conclusions Loss of hearing mostly occurs in high frequency band. CDH 23 gene polymorphism may be related to noise-induced hearing loss. Therefore, those flying cadets with AG type CDH 23 gene may have higher risk of high frequency hearing loss. （ Chin J Ophthalmol and Otorhinolaryngo1,2017,17 ： 162-165）