政府购买公共气象服务:现实动因、实践样态及发展路径

The Realistic Causes,Practical Samples and Developing Routes of Purchasing Public Weather Services by Government

政府购买公共气象服务是深化气象服务体制改革、优化公共气象服务供给机制的重要途径。施行政府购买公共气象服务具有政府职能转变的政治动因、高效率与低成本的经济动因以及应对服务复杂性的需求动因。基于对国家及各省市层面所开展的政府购买公共气象服务实践样态分析发现,中国政府购买公共气象服务实践尚处于初期探索阶段,存在公共气象服务购买范围不清、操作规范性不强、制度化建设薄弱以及实质性效益不显等问题。推进政府购买公共气象服务的发展路径在于大力发展气象服务供给主体,理顺公共气象服务供给关系以及以制度规范政府购买过程。

Purchasing public weather services by government is an important way to deepenthe reform of weather services system and optimize public weather services supply system.Adopting the method of purchasing public weather services by government is driven by politicalcause of transforming government function, economic cause of pursuing high efficiency and lowcost and demand of confronting the complexity of services. Based on sample analysis of thepractice of purchasing public weather services by government inside the country and its provincesand cities which is found to be in the initial stage, there remains unclear boundary of the scope,obscure standardization of operation, weak construction of institutions and inconspicuous benefitsin real terms. The key road to promote the development of purchasing weather services bygovernment lies in fostering suppler of weather services, straightening out the supply relations andregulating the process of government purchase by institutional construction.