试论阳明心学的“道事合一”思想

Wang Yangming's Idea of the Unity of Principles and Things

"道事合一"是阳明心学隐含的基本命题,其内涵主要有四:其一,事是道之器,道不远人,存在于日常生活所构成的事里,并通过事而化虚为实,从而在人面前显现自身,不但如此,道在不同的情境下表现为不同的事,从而使得说理不但不能离事,而且必须善加选择用以说理的事;其二,事是道之"工夫",不仅致万物之理是靠人的"正事"活动完成的,而且"致良知"以"成圣"亦是靠人的"正事"活动完成的;其三,道是事之本体,既成了人生的终极关怀和日常行动的动力源,又成了有效做事方法生成的根据,还成了规范做事行为的依据;其四,史是以道成事的范例,以教人生活为己任的经书不应空洞地说教,而须与史成为一体,拿事说理,从而提升人运用"道"于具体事务的能力,并通过人的做事活动来"弘道"。

The unity of principles and things is a basic proposition of Yangming Philosophy, which has four contents： Firstly,things are the vector of principles, principles aren＇t far from people, existing in things of ordinary life, converting into the fact bythings, and showing itself in front of people. Also, principles can become different things in different contexts, so that saying principlesdepends on things and on choosing sensible things. Secondly, things are the way to principles, which principles and innate knowledgecan only be got by doing. Thirdly, principles are the nature of things, which become the value of life and power source of actions, be-come the basis of effective methods and norm behavior. Fourthly, history is the sample of actions according to principles, which makeit necessary for the book to teach people by integrating with the history, saying principle by things, which can enhance the ability ofpeople to applying principles into things, and make principles become popular by actions.