晚明文人传奇改家的身份定位及其在戏曲批评史上的意义

A Study on the Identification of Literati Adaptors of Romances in the Late Ming Dynasty

晚明由《牡丹亭》改本引发的论争,深刻影响了文人改家的自我定位。他们必须为改本的合法性辩护,而"知音"成为论说中的重要话语和身份指代。臧懋循巧妙倒置知音范式,将汤显祖置换到"知音"的位置上;冯梦龙寄希望于改本的观众、读者与改家达成"知音认同"。这些借助"知音"展开的有关身份定位的论说,侧重戏曲批评专业知识体系的构建,呼吁的是戏曲批评的专业化乃至职业化,在戏曲批评史上应有其地位。

The Debates caused by the adaptations of The Peony Pavilion profoundly influenced the self-image of literati adaptors. They must defend the legitimacy of their adaptations, in which the term ＂a confidant＂ as ＂zhiyin＂ becomes an important discourse and identity reference. By ingeniously reverse the ＂zhiyin＂ paradigm, Zang Maoxun successfully ascends to the status of ＂writer＂ and replaces Tang Xianzu to the status of ＂zhiyin＂. On the other hand, Feng Menglong hopes the audiences, readers and adaptors of adaptations regard each other as confidants and build up the mutual recognition of ＂zhiyin identification＂. All these debates and interpretations appeal to professional and academic opera critics.