2014年高温热浪期间宁波市居民风险认知及适应性调查

Investigation of cognition and adaptability among residents during heat waves in Ningbo,2014

目的了解高温热浪期间宁波市居民中暑发生情况、居民对中暑的风险认知及适应性,为开展健康宣教及制定高温热浪灾害应对措施提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2014年10—11月在宁波市2个县(市)各随机抽取2个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)随机抽取2个居委会(村),每个居委会(村)随机抽取120户进行调查。内容包括调查对象一般情况、中暑情况、中暑风险认知及适应性行为,分析中暑脆弱人群和风险认知情况。结果共调查14岁及以上居民2 767人,2014年7—9月经医院诊断为中暑的发生率为6.3%(174/2 767),自我诊断中暑的发生率为8.9%(247/2 767)。工人、初中文化程度人群的医院诊断中暑发生率较高,分别为7.8%和7.7%;吸烟人群和饮酒人群的医院诊断中暑发生率较高,分别为8.5%和9.1%。专业技术人员自我诊断中暑的发生率最高(13.4%);偶尔参加体育锻炼和经常午睡的居民更倾向于自我诊断中暑,发生率分别为10.6%和11.2%。总分为14分的高温热浪风险认知得分中,平均得分为(8.9±3.0)分,认知程度低(≤8分)的人群中暑发生率较高。调查对象在高温热浪期间采取的适应性行为以尽量减少外出(87.2%)、户外乘凉(78.0%)和改变出行方式(66.4%)为主。结论高温热浪期间宁波市居民中暑发生率较高,需采取综合干预措施,以提高居民高温热浪风险认知水平并及时采取适应性行为。

Objective To understand the incidence of heat stroke, the risk cognition and adaptability to heat waves among residents in Ningbo and to provide the proper reference for the government to health promotion and prevention policies. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used and 2 767 residents aged no younger than 14 were chosen from eight communities in two counties. A survey was conducted from October to November, 2014. Chi-square test was employed to analyze the vulnerable groups and risk cognition, Results The incidence of heat stroke was 6.3% （174/2 767） according to hospital diagnosis, while 8.9% （247/2 767） based on autodiagnosis. The incedence rates of heat stroke （hospital diagnosis） were 7.8% in workers, 7.7% in the group who had junior school culture level, and 8.5% in smokers, 9.1% in drinkers, the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Professionals, such as doctors, researchers and teachers, residents who had the habit of exercise and the habit of afternoon nap had higher incidence rates （autodiagnosis）, 13.4%, 10.6% and 11.2% respectively. There were higher heat stroke incedence rates in the residents having lower score of risk cognition to heat wave. The adaptive behaviors that residents conducted were ＂reducing outgoing＂ （87.2%）, ＂cooling outdoor＂ （78.0%） and ＂changing transportation＂. Conclusion The incedence of heat stroke is higher during heat waves in Ningbo, proper intervening measures are needed to reverse the situation.