“国”字的文化阐释

The Cultural Interpretation of Chinese Character of Guo'

"国(國)"字的形义及其演变显示,其本义似应为"邦國"、"国家",即"管理一个城邦或行政区域的政治体制",现代汉语中主要衍生"国土"、"国旗"、"国是"、"国粹"、"国药"、"国学"等词汇。从历史来看,古代的"国"、"国家"是由城邦及其管理而产生的,古希腊和先秦是中西国家的形成时期,因此,国家也是城乡分工、城市兴起、行政管理的结果。从政治学上来看,"国"、"国家"是私有制和阶级的产物,它是为了协调不同人群利益的机构,也是阶级统治的工具。它随着阶级的产生而产生,也将随着阶级的灭亡而消亡。人类历史上国家一般分为:分封制,君主制,专制制,共和制,民主制等。中国的"国家"是"国"和"家"的组合,显示出其独特性,它以自然经济为基础,以家、家族等血缘关系为维系,形成了以宗法制度为主要表征的国家体制,从而不同于西方国家以商品经济为基础以人与人之间的契约关系为维系而形成的法律制度。从象征国家的意义上来看,以"国"字所组成的词语,如"国土"、"国旗"、"国脚"、"国花"等等,主要是指代表一个国家或指一个国家中某一方面的最高水平。在汉语中,"国"还有"中国特色"或者"中国的"的含义,比如,"国药"、"国画"、"国粹"、"国乐"、"国学"等等。

The Chinese word of ＂Guo＇（Country）＂ and the evolution of form and meaning of words, like its original meaning should be ＂country＂, ＂state＂, that is ＂the management of a city or regional political system＂ in modern Chinese is mainly derived from ＂land＂, ＂national flag＂, ＂state＂, ＂quintessence of Chinese culture＂, ＂Chinese medicine＂, ＂Study of ancient Chinese culture＂and other words. Historically, the ancient ＂country＂, or ＂nation＂ is composed of polis and management arising out of the ancient Greece and the pre Qin Dynasty （Xia and Shang Shang Dynasties） during the formation of Chinese and Western countries, therefore, the National Urban and rural division, city. The administrative management results. From the political point of view, the ＂country＂, ＂nation＂ is a product after the emergence of private ownership and class, it is to coordinate the interests of humanity among different institutions, but also a ruling tool. It produced with class production, will wither away with the destruction of human class. History The country is generally divided into： feudal, autocratic monarchy, republicanism, democracy. Chinese ＂country＂ is a combination of ＂country＂and ＂home＂, showing the unique China ＂country＂, it is based on natural economy, with the home, family and other kinship dimension system the main form, characterized by the patriarchal clan system to the state system, which is different from the western countries on commodity economy legal system based on the contractual relationship between people and people to maintain and form. From the national symbol sense, with the word＂country＂ consisting of words, such as ＂land＂, ＂the national flag＂, ＂International＂, ＂flower＂ and so on, mainly refers to the representative of a country or a high level in certain aspects of a country.In Chinese, China and China characteristics or Chinese meaning, for example, Chinese medicine, Chinese painting, quintessence, Music of China, Study of ancient Chinese culture and so on.