澳大利亚对日本加入关贸总协定的外交政策(1947—1955)

Australian Foreign Policy toward Japanese Access to GATT(1947-1955)

1947-1955年,总体来看,澳大利亚对日本加入关贸总协定的诉求持强硬反对立场。在日本恢复完全主权前,该政策紧紧围绕着是否给予日本最惠国待遇而展开。在此之后,由于日本向澳大利亚施压,加之澳大利亚对本国羊毛、小麦等主产品出口利益的考虑,其政府内部出现意见分歧,从而导致该政策显露出一些变化的端倪。随着国际国内形势的发展,与日本进行双边贸易谈判成为澳大利亚对日入关政策的关键。在贸易谈判完成之前,尽管澳大利亚最终同意日本入关,但仍然坚持既定政策,宣布对日本援引关贸总协定第35条,不给予日本最惠国待遇。在冷战甚嚣尘上的20世纪40年代末50年代初,尽管澳大利亚和日本同为资本主义阵营对亚洲大陆社会主义阵营新月形包围链条上的重要国家,但前者对待后者入关时的所作所为,完全与冷战的意识形态无关。这一现象无疑有助于我们从一个新视角来反思冷战时期社会主义国家间的关系。

In general, the Australian government opposed strongly the Japanese access to GATT during 1947—1955. Before the independence of Japan, this Australian policy centered on whether to give Japan the most-favoured-nation(MFN) treatment.After that, because the Japanese government increased pressure on Australia and there appeared the disagreements in the Australian government, the Australian policy showed some changes. With the development of international and domestic situation, the bilateral trade negotiations with Japan would be key to the Australian policy. Before the trade negotiations completed, the Australian government still stuck to the original policy and didn’t give Japan MFN treatment by quoting Article 35 of GATT, although it finally consented to the Japanese access to GATT. During the late 1940 s and the early1950 s, the cold war was rampant, and both Australia and Japan were the important countries of the crescent chain on which the Capitalist Camp encircled the Socialist Camp in mainland Asia, but what Australia had done on the Japanese access to GATT had nothing to do with the ideology of the cold war. It contributes undoubtedly to our rethinking of the relations between the socialist countries in the cold war from a new perspective.