陪都西京时期西安人力车夫救济研究

A Study of Social Relief for Rickshaw Pullers in Xi’an during the Period of Capital Xijing

陪都西京时期（1932-1945）,人力车夫逐渐成为西安市内数量最多的劳工群体。因其缺乏城市立足所必须的生存资源,生活困苦、社会地位低下,成为亟需救济的群体。为此,政府和社会力量对人力车夫采取了多种形式的救济,包括对人力车夫日常生活的救济,和旨在提高人力车夫经济社会地位等方面的救济。本文通过分析对人力车夫救济方式由传统向近代的转变,认为处于近代城市转型时期的西安,政府对于社会福利活动的权力由“参与”向“主导”和“控制”转变,而近代公共福利事业也实现了由建立在个人捐赠基础之上的传统的民间慈善向以团体占主导地位、非个人负责的公共事业的转变。

The period of Capital Xijing(1932-1945), the rickshaw pullers gradually became the biggest labor group in Xi’an, but they were also a relief-wanted group since t they lacked resources necessary to survive.So the government and social forces took various forms of remedy, including improving the rickshaw pullers’ life and their economic and social status. By analyzing the forms of such social relief which changed from traditional to modern ways, I would argue that in the city of Xi’an under modern transition, the authority of the government in social welfare had changed from"participation" to"domination" and "control", and the modern public welfare had also changed from popular charity mechanism, which were based on traditional individual donations, to the public enterprises of social organizations.