20世纪中期台湾史学观念的转向

The Change of Taiwan’s Historiographical Ideas in the Mid-20th Century

1949年,随着“中央研究院”历史语言研究所的迁台,以及台湾大学历史系的“重建”,大陆史料学派移植台湾,并逐步占据史学主流地位。但到了60年代,随着一批新生代学者的返台,台湾史学界开始出现不同的声音,他们反对单纯的考据,提倡历史书写和解释。在对“史学即是史料学”进行批判的同时,亦通过对兰克史学的重新认识,对史学的“科学性”提出质疑。台湾史学由此而呈现出由实证史学向解释史学的转向。这种史学观念的转向,又与史学的社会科学化思潮相辅相成。

The development of Taiwan historiography was very limited due to the historical constraints during the Japanese occupation period. After World War II, because of "lack of successors", the study of Japanese history disappeared in Taiwan. In 1949, with the relocation of the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica and the reconstruction of the History Department of Taiwan University, the historical materials school was transplanted from China's Mainland to Taiwan and gradually occupied the mainstream position there. But in the 1960 s, with the return of a group of overseas scholars of Taiwan, Taiwan historians began to utter different voices.They opposed the simple textual research, advocated historical writing and interpretation. While criticizing "history is the science of historical materials", it also questioned the "scientific nature" of history by re-understanding Ranke’s historiography. Taiwan’s historiography shows a change from positivist history to interpretative history, which is complementary to the tendency of introducing of social science methods to historiography.