1991-2015年浙江省金华市疟疾流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Jinhua,Zhejiang,1991-2015

目的分析浙江省金华市1991-2015年疟疾流行特征,为消除疟疾后监测提供参考。方法收集金华市1991-2015年间疟疾疫情资料和个案调查表等,用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果自2010年启动消除疟疾行动计划后,2010-2015年全市累计报告疟疾病例231例,年均发病率为0.77/10万,低于启动前0.91/10万的年均发病率(χ~2=5.04,P=0.02)。231例病例中,间日疟44例,占19.05%;恶性疟173例,占74.89%;输入性病例230例,占99.57%,高于启动前88.48%的占比(χ~2=26.82,P<0.001);平均年龄为(37±10.71)岁,男女性别比为9.5∶1;全年每月均有病例报告,无明显季节性;义乌市报告病例数最多,为147例(占63.64%);职业分布以商业服务人员最多,占54.55%;本市人口境外感染占73.59%,位居前3位的感染地依次为安哥拉(占16.96%)、加纳(占10.87%)和尼日利亚(占9.13%),位居前2位的感染原因为外出经商(占56.09%)和外出旅游(占36.96%)。结论 2011-2015年,金华市疟疾病例均为输入性病例,应加强输入性疟疾的监测和防控。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Jinhua, Zhejiang province, from 1991 to 2015, and provide evidence to conduct malaria elimination surveillance. Methods The data about epidemic and case reports of malaria in Jinhua during this period were collected and analyzed with SPSS 13.0. Results Since the launch of malaria elimination in 2010, a total of 231 cases were reported between 2010 and 2015 and the average incidence was 0. 77/100 000, which was significantly lower than that before 2010 （0. 91/100 000, χ2 = 5.04,P = 0. 02）. Of the 231 cases reported, 44 （19.05%） were vivax malaria cases and 173 （74. 89% ） were falciparum malaria cases; 230 （99.57%） were imported cases, the cases umbers were significantly higher than that before 2010 （88.48% ,χ2 = 26. 82, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The average age of the cases was （37 ±10. 71） years old; the male to female ratio of the cases was 9. 5： 1. The cases were reported all the year round without seasonality. Most cases were reported in Yiwu （ 147 cases, 63.64% ） ; these cases were mainly businessmen （54.55%）. Up to 73.59% of the malaria cases in Jinhua were infected abroad, the first 3 infection sources were Angola （ 16.96% ）, Ghana （ 10. 87% ） and Nigeria （9. 13% ）, and most cases went abroad for business trip （56. 09% ） or tourism （36. 96% ）. Conclusion The fact that all the malaria cases in Jinhua between 2011 and 2015 were imported ones highlighted the importance of the surveillance and control of imported malaria.