文学本质论争与人文学科逻辑

The Controversy of Literary Ontology and the Humanities Logic

新中国成立后产生了四次关于文学本质的论争。第一次是围绕"文学是人学"观点的论争,第二次是刘再复发起的"文学主体性"论争,外在于学术研究的政治与文化力量主导了这两次论争。第三次是针对"文学审美意识形态"理论的论争,此时学术独立性得到尊重,人文学科与自然科学思维逻辑的差异却被忽视。第四次是陶东风、南帆等引发的"反本质主义"论争,对人文学科逻辑的反思于论争中展开,真理性与建构性作为人文学科的两个重要特征得到重视与肯定。整体上,四次文学本质论争展现出中国学者对文论研究学科定位的思考:由外部主导走向学术自立,由文理不分走向人文学科逻辑反思。这种思考是重构文论话语体系的前设,也是中西学术交流的一个重要窗口。

There were four controversies about the literature Ontology since the foundation of New China. The first time was ＂liter- ature is human learning＂ debate, the second time was ＂subjectivity of literature＂ debate, and external forces dominate the two argu- ments. The third time was aimed at ＂literary aesthetic ideology＂ debate, academic independence is respected, and the difference be- tween humanities and natural science was confused. The fourth time was ＂anti-essentialism＂ controversy, and the feature of humanities were discussed frequently. Thefour times literary debate showed the way of Chinese scholars thinking on literary theory logical. The thinking is important resource of reconstruct literary theory, and also is one window of academic exchanges between China and other countries.